Which is not one of the periods of prenatal development?
a. preimplantation
b. embryonic
c. fetal
d. primoridium
D. primoridium
__________is the time frame for the embryonic period.
Week 2-8
the zygote must travel from the_______________to the uterine wall
fallopian tube (fertilization site)
the blastocyst consists of which layers?
embryoblast and trophoblast
an ectopic pregnancy occurs when:
a. more than one sperm fertilizes the egg
b. the zygote implants anywhere other than the uterine wall
c. the cervix doesn't stay contracted and cannot hold the weight of a baby
d. the chromatids do not completely separate during meiosis
B. the zygote implants anywhere other than the uterine wall
What is the developmental process occurring in order from beginning to end?
histodifferentiation is the development of different____________in a structure
tissues
which of the following processes involves embryonic cells becoming distinct structurally and functionally?
a. proliferation
b. differentiation
c. morphogenesis
d. maturation
B. differentiation
what process involves controlled cellular growth
proliferation
What layers does the bilaminar embryonic disc consist of?
epiblast and hypoblast
what serves as initial nourishment for the embryonic disc?
yolk sac
what are the three layers of the trilaminar embryonic disc?
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
the placenta develop from interactions between the endometrial tissues and_________
trophoblast layer
which of the following resembles a bum?
a. cephalic end
b. caudal end
c. mesenchyme
d. primitive streak
D. primitive streak
the cloacal membrane will give rise to what?
the terminal end of the digestive tract
which of these does not come from endoderm?
a. respiratory system linings
b. digestive system linings
c. liver cells
d. epidermis
D. epidermis
what is one harmful thing that can cross through the placenta (that we discussed in class)?
alcohol
Development of the face and neck begins when?
week 4
all of the arches and processes are formed with all of these except?
a. ectoderm
b. mesoderm
c. endoderm
d. cartilage
D. cartilage
the frontonasal process gives rise to all of the following except:
a. upper face
b. maxillary incisors
c. maxillary canines
d. bridge of nose
C. maxillary canines
what is the best definition of a placode?
thickened ectoderm that will develop into sensory organs
lens placodes will become?
eyes
otic placodes will become?
ears - tubes
nasal placodes will become:
nasal cavity
the medial nasal process will fuse_____________________to form the middle portion of the nose, and_______________to form the intermaxillary segment
externally
internally
which of the following embryonic structures will eventually form the alae of the nose?
a. otic placodes
b. medial nasal processes
c. intermaxillary segment
d. lateral nasal processes
D. lateral nasal processes
the nasolacrimal groove is formed from the fusion of the?
lateral nasal processes and the maxillary processes
previous to the fourth week of development, the stomodeum was sealed off by what?
oropharyngeal membrane
list 3 things that will develop from the mandibular arch
lower lip
lower mandible with teeth
mastication muscles
which of the following comes from meckel's cartilage?
a. stapes
b. malleus
c. hyoid
d. thymus
B. malleus
the branchial groove will develop into?
eardrum
which of these is not derived from reichert's cartilage?
a. stapes
b. incus
c. styloid process
d. upper portion of hyoid bone
B. incus
the third branchial arch will give rise to which muscle?
pharyngeal muscle
the second pharyngeal pouch gives rise to what structure?
palatine tonsils
The primary palate forms from which process?
frontonasal process
why does the tongue move from the pharynx to the oral cavity?
to move out of the way of the palatal shelves that "snap" upward
in the case of cleft uvula, what happened?
palatal shelves (secondary palate) didn't fuse completely in the back
can you ever have a unilateral cleft of the secondary palate? why or why not?
no, because the secondary palate forms when the bilateral shelves fuse with each other in the middle. So if one doesn't fuse, the other won't have anything to fuse with either
the nasal septum forms from which process?
frontonasal process
snoring and other problems can be caused by a ______________ _______________
deviated septum
epiglottic swelling becomes?
epiglottis
copula becomes the?
base of tongue
tuberculum impar becomes the?
body of tongue
What is the best definition of ankyloglossia?
the cells that anchor the tongue didn't degenerate enough, so they restrict movement of the tongue
What is the purpose of the epiglottis?
it covers the trachea when we swallow food and water to stop us from drowning
the________________ __________________is the opening to the thyroglossal duct.
foramen cecum
the fusion between the lateral lingual swellings creates the_____________ _____________ while the fusion between the body and base of the tongue creates the________________ ______________
median lingual suclus
sulcus terminalis
why is the tongue innervated with so many different nerves?
because it comes from so many different branchial arches
Which of the following teeth is succadaneous?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
D. 4
during the cap stage of tooth development, the tooth germ consists of?
enamel organ, dental sac, and dental papilla
What is the difference between gemination and fusion?
gemination - the tooth germ unsuccessfully tries to split; one root
fusion - crowns of 2 teeth fuse together, looks like one tooth on top, but has more than one root
support structure for ameloblasts
outer enamel epithelium
will differentiate into ameloblasts
inner enamel epithelium
will differentiate into odontoblasts
outer cells of dental papilla
will differentiate into the dental pulp
inner cells of dental papilla
what induces the cells of the dental sac to differentiate into cementocytes?
the newly formed dentin
enamel hypoplasia is decreased_______________of the matrix, while enamel hypocalcification is decreased ________________ because it didn't fully mineralize
quantity
quality
the periodontal ligament secures the tooth by anchoring into the__________and the____________.
cementum
alveolar bone
bending of roots because HERS was distorted is a definition of which developmental disturbance?
dilaceration
passive eruption is when the gingiva recedes around the tooth. Active eruption is when the tooth moves in a horizontal position to erupt.
the first statement is true and the second statement is false
what is the difference between a dentigerous cyst and an eruption cyst?
dentigerous cyst - occurs when the tooth is impacted around a fully formed crown
eruption cyst - occurs while the tooth is erupting and usually goes away once the tooth is fully erupted
which of the following fuses with the oral epithelium during eruption?
a. IEE
b. OEE
c. REE
d. HERS
C. REE
Where is a location where you would find pseudostratified epithelium?
lining the upper respiratory tract
lines the bone marrow. similar to perichondrium
endosteum
connective tissue sheath that surround the entire bone
periosteum
innermost part of the bone where blood cells are produced
bone marrow
surrounds the bone marrow, spongy
cancellous bone
surrounds the cancellous bone, very dense
compact bone
the inorganic substance that mineralizes bone and enamel is called:
calcium hydroxyapatite
afferent nerves carry messages from the brain to the body. efferent nerves carry messages from the body to the brain.
both statements are false
What are the 2 layers of the connective tissue proper?
loose connective tissue proper
dense connective tissue proper
_____________work together to form tissues. Tissues work together to form______________. (same word as second blank) work together to form_______________
cells
organs
systems
which is not a layer of the orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
a. basal layer
b. intermediate layer
c. prickle layer
d. granular layer
B. intermediate layer
the basal layer of oral mucosa generally has?
cells undergoing mitosis
when viewing the oral mucosa of the floor of the mouth through a microscope, what is seen?
salivary glands
What area of the oral cavity is categorized as having a lining mucosa?
soft palate
what type of tissue makes up the lamina propria of oral mucosa?
connective tissue
the turnover time for taste buds is?
10 days
the mucogingival junction is the scalloped division between the attached gingiva and the___________
alveolar mucosa
what is the difference between orthokeratinized and parakeratinized epithelium?
orthokeratinized have no nuclei, parakeratinized have nuclei
buccal mucosa is to lining mucosa as____________________ is to _________________
attached gingiva is to masticatory mucosa
before eruption of the tooth and after enamel maturation, which cells secrete a basal lamina on the surface that serves as a portion of the primary epithelial attachment?
ameloblasts
the attached gingiva and buccal mucosa are mainly pinkish in color and not reddish due to the?
increased thickness of the epithelial layers
where does cell renewal of the junctional epithelium take place?
basal layer of the tissue
the free gingival groove separates the attached gingiva from the___________________
marginal gingiva
what are the 3 medications that can cause gingival hyperplasia?
dilantin
cyclosporine
nifedipine
gingival recession is measured from the_____________to the___________________
cementoenamel junction to the free gingival margin
what stops your probe when inserted into the gingival sulcus?
epithelial attachment
sulcular epithelium is to tightly packed desmosomes as _______________ is to _______________
junctional epithelium is to loosely packed desomosomes
during gingivitis, the junctional epithelium is more permeable. this allows the migration of___________ but also lets_________________into the tissue
