Connective tissue that covers a group of fibers (fiber bundles)
Epimysium
The covering of the entire muscle
Tendon
Attaches to bone
Aponeurosis
Sheet-like tendon
Origin
Usually the proximal end of the muscle, which remains fixed during muscular contraction
Insertion
Usually the distal end of a muscle, which is movable
Musculotendinous junction
The meeting of a muscle and its tendon
Types of skeletal muscle
Fusiform
Unipenate
Bipenate
Multipenate
Fusiform
Long slender muscle; fibers run parallel to muscle belly; example: sartorius
Unipenate
Half feather appearance (based on the arrangement of the fascicles); example: flexor pollicis longus
Bipenate
Whole feather appearance (based on the arrangement of the fascicles); example: gastrocnemius and biceps brachii
Multipenate
Multiple feather structures; example: deltoid
Movement controllers
Agonist
Antagonist
Synergist
Fixators
Agonist
Prime mover; primarily responsible for movement; muscle MOST involved
Antagonist
Resist prime mover's action and cause movement in the opposite direction of the prime mover; control speed, protect joint
Synergist
Assist prime mover; prevent unwanted movement in intermediate joints; example: wrist flexors/extensors stabilize the wrist while ti digit flexors/extensors work
Fixators
Stabilize to prevent unwanted movement (if you're doing elbow flexion, the deltoid stabilizes to prevent shoulder flexion); contract isometrically in order to stabilize