Minerals

25

Building tissue and activating, regulating, transmitting and controlling metabolic processes

• Digestion - absorbed and used in ionic form
• Absorption
• Transport - travel thorughout the body bouned to plasma protein
• Tissue Uptake - Minerals go to target tissue and excess excreted in pee

They occur as free ions in body fluids or they occur covalently bound with another mineral

Function: Bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, muscle contraction and relaxtion, nerve transmission

Tetany, Rickets, Osteoporosis

Increase risk of kidy stones, constipation, interferes with absorption of other nutrients

Bone and Tooth formation, energy metabolism, DNA and RNA, acid-base balance

unlikely, but can cause bone loss, loss of appetite, weakness

Bone resorption and loss of calcium

• Major extra cellular fluid control
• water balance
• acid-base balance
• Muscle action
• ttransmission of nerve impulse and resulting contraction

• Fluid Shifts
• acid base imbalace
• cramping

• Hypertension in salt sensitive people
• && edema

• Major intracellular fluid control
• acid-base balance
• regulation of nerve impulse and muscle contraction
• blood pressure regulation

• Irregular heatbeat
• difficulty breathing
• muscle weakness

• Not set
• Cardiac arrest

• Acid-base balance (chloride shift)
• Hydrochloric acid (digestion)

• hypochloremic alkalosis in porlonged vomiting
• diarrhea

Not set and unlikely

• Coenzyme in metabolism
• muscle and nerve action
• aids thyroid hormone secretion

• Tremor
• spasm
• low serum level after GI losses or renal losses from alcoholism
• Convulsions

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

• Essential constituent of cell protein, hair, skin, nails, vitamin, and collagen structure
• high energy sulfur bounds in energy metabolism

not likely

calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, sulfur

iron, iodine zinc selenium fluoride, copper, manganese, chromium, molybdenum

Hemoglobin and myoglobin formation, cellular oxidation of glucose antibody production

• anemia
• pale skin
• impaired immune function

• Nausea vomiting diarrhea
• liver kidney heart and CNS damage

Synthesis of T4 which regulates cell oxidation and BMR

Goiter, cretinism, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism

Goiter

• essential enzyme constituent
• protein metabolism
• storage of insulin
• immune system
• sexual maturation

• Impaired wound healing and taste and smell acuity
• retarded sexual and physical development

Nausea, vomiting, decreased immune function, impaired copper absorption

Forms glutathione peroxidase, spares vitamin e as an antioxidant, protects lipids in cell membrane

• Impared immune function
• KESHAN DISEASE
• heart muscle failure

• brittleness of hair and nails
• GI upset

• constituent of bone and teeth
• prevents cavities aka dental caries

increased dental caries

dental fluorosis

• associated with iron in energy production
• hemoglobin synthesis
• absorption and transport of iron
• nerve and immune function

anemia, bone abnormalities

• WILSONS disease
• resulting in lever and nerve conduction damage

• activates reaction in urea synthesis
• energy metabolism
• lipoprotein clearance
• and sythesis of fatty acids

clinical deficiency present only in protein energy malnutrition

inhalation toxicity in miners, neuromuscular disturbances

Associated with glucos metabolism

deficiency- impared glucose metabolism

toxicity - not likely

Constitutent of many enzymes

Unlikely

a heart muscle disease that primarily affects yound children and women of childbearing age and can lead to heart failure from cardiomyopathy

• inadequate calcium intake
• poor intestinal calcium absorption
• lack of physical activity

Osteoporosis - loss of bone density