Quiz 2

• 1st trimester: accepting the pregnancy
• 2nd trimester: accepting the baby
• 3rd trimester: preparing for the baby and end of pregnancy

when men experience the physical symptoms of pregnancy when their partner is pregnant

a woman in her first pregnancy

a woman who has had one or more children

• about 2 weeks before term, the fetal head settles into the pelvis to prepare for birth
• the uterus returns to the height it was at 36 weeks
• a woman's breathing will be easier, seems to lighten the load

• extreme softening of the lower uterine segment upon bimanual examination
• a probably sign of pregnancy
• occurs in the 6th week of pregnancy

• upon bimanual examination, tap the lower uterine segment and you can feel the fetus bounce or rise in the amniotic fluid against the top hand
• a probably sign of pregnancy
• occurs during the 16th-20th week of pregnancy

• begin by the 8-12th week of pregnancy
• "practice" contractions

• mucous plug in cervical canal that protects the fetus from bacteria
• discharged as a preparation for birth
• "bloody show"

• softening of the cervix in pregnancy
• extreme softness just before birth - "ripe"

vaginal walls change from light pink to deep violet during pregnancy

• sebaceous glads of the areola
• enlarge and become protuberant during pregnancy

stretch marks

• when the abdominal wall can't stretch enough during pregnancy, the recctus muscles separate
• the site appears as a bluish groove

narrow brown line appears along happy trail during pregnancy

• darker pigmentation on cheeks and across nose during pregnancy
• "mask of pregnancy"

• chronic respiratory alkalosis fully compensated by a chronic metabolic acidosis
• chronis shortness of breath

• number of pregnancies that have reached viability
• regardless of whether the infants were born alive

• Woman who is or has been pregnant
• Number of pregnancies

woman who has given birth to one child past the age of viability

woman who has carried two or more pregnancies to viability

woman who has never been pregnant and is not currently pregnant

• a thin, watery, yellow fluid that precedes breast milk
• composed of protein, sugar, fat, water, minerals, vitamins, and maternal antibodies

• a whitish, viscous vaginal discharge
• a response to high estrogen levels during pregnancy

• teratogenic maternal infections
• Toxoplasmosis - cat litter
• Other - HBV, HIV
• Rubella
• Cytomegalovirus
• Herpes simplex virus

• growth occuring from increasing the number of cells formed
• occurs early in pregnancy

• growth occuring from enlargement of existing cells
• occurs late in pregnancy

• 25-35 lbs
• or adjusted per a woman's needs
• per trimester: 3-12-12

Necessary for red blood cell formation. Since a woman's blood volume doubles, she needs lots of folic acid.

heartburn

• lumens are smaller, more likely to be obstructed
• too little or excessive mucus production

• hypoxia: decreased oxygen in body cells
• cyanosis: a blue tinge to the skin

• - dysphagia
• - inspiratory stridor
• - cough
• - high fever
• - hoarseness
• - very sore throat

do not attempt to visualize spiglottis unless there is an artificial airway readily available!

• an opening is present in the septum between the two ventricles
• blood shunts from left to right across the septum
• increased pulmonic blood flow
• acyanotic disorder
• results in R ventricular hypertrophy and increased pressure in the pulmonary artery

• duct from the pulmonary artery to the aorta doesn't close at birth
• blood shunts from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
• causes increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation and R ventricle hypertrophy
• given indomethacin/Indocin or ibuprofen (prostaglandin inhibitors) to promote closure

• beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers: reduce cardic hypertrophy before the defect is corrected
• digoxin and diuretics: reduce the severity of CHF from HTN (age appropriate HR for dig!!!)
• beta-blocker (propranolol/Inderal): to aid pulmonary artery dilation in a hypoxic episode of Tetralogy of Fallot
• prostaglandin (PGE): to keep ducts patent
• prostaglandin inhibitor (indomethacin/Indocin): to close ducts

• the aorta arises from the R ventricle instead of the L
• the pulmonary artery arises from the L ventricle instead of the R
• creates two systems of blood flow - deoxygenated blood flowing to the body and oxygenated blood flowing to the lungs
• only survivable is there are septal defects as well

• four anomolies: pulmonary stenosis, VSD, dextroposition (overriding) of the aorta, and hypertrophy of the R ventricle
• d/t pulmonary stenosis, blood shunts from the R side to the L ventricle and the aorta, the added effort causes the hypertrophy
• common with Down Syndrome
• during hypoxic episode, place in knee-chest position, give O2, give morphine sulfate or propranolol

• NSAID
• inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
• encourage duct closure in the heart in PDA
• assess for glomerular filtration, impaired platelet aggregation, and diminished gastrointestinal and cerebral blood flow

• CRIES: assesses infants (crying, O2, vitals, facial expression, and sleeplessness)
• FLACC: uses five types of behavior in children/infants (facial expression, leg movement, activity, cry, consolability)
• FACES: uses 6 cartoon faces, can be used as young as 3yrs

• infant: explores environment with their senses
• toddler: needs rituals, likes imitation
• preschooler: centered, role-playing
• school-age: immediate reward, the "right" way to do things
• adolescent: wants immediately benefit from information

• infant: separation
• toddler/preschooler: separation, the dark, the unknown, intrustive procedures, mutilation
• school-age/adolescent: loss of body parts, loss of life, loss of friends

• infant: stimulation, hands, soft toys
• toddlers: put-in, take-out games
• preschool: creative materials
• school-age: books, crayons, music, projects

• presumptive: amenorrhea, sore breasts, n/v
• probable: + preggo test, HCG test
• positive: fetal heart sound, visualization of the fetus, movement of the fetus