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Introduction to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- -emotional and behavioral dysfunction is caused by patterns of inaccurate/maladaptive/dysfunctional interpretations,beliefs,and thoughts
- -it is not actual events that occur, so much as our beliefs about them
- -main goal- change thinking to be more realistic/adaptive/functional (cognitive restructuring)
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Cognitive Therapies
- -Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
- -Cognitive Therapy
- -Cognitive Behavior Modification Therapy
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Characteristics of Therapy
- -different for each therapy
- -teacher-student relationship
- -focus on present
- -short-term
- -homework
- -self-monitoring
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REBT Albert Ellis
- -a-b-c theory
- -A= activating event
- -B=belief/interpretations
- -C=emotional/behavioral consequences
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REBT beliefs
- -learn irrational beliefs from parents in childhood, but maintain them on our own
- -we unconsciously act to confirm our false beliefs
- -people judge behaviors as good/bad and then mislabel themselves as good/bad
- -goal- unconditional self-acceptance and unconditional other acceptance
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Cognitive Exercises
-cognitive reconstructing, homework
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Emotive Exercises
-shame attacking exercises, role playing
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Behavioral Exercises
-operant conditioning, systematic desentiziation
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Cognitive Therapy -Aaron Beck
- -we have automatic thoughts related to core beliefs
- -downward arrow technique (what is your automatic thought? If it was true what would it mean?)
- -i am worthless/unlovable/incompetent
- -cognitive distortions- systematic errors in our thinking
- -identify errors in our thinking
- -cognitive restructuring- whats the evidence for ___
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Cognitive Behavioral Modification -Donald Meichenbaum
- -we have an internal self-dialogue
- -self-instructural training
- -becoming aware of self-talk
- -starting a new internal dialogue
- -learning new skills
- -coping skills programs
- -test anxiety, public speaking, stress
- -exposure to anxiety-provoking sit
- -evaluate cognitions and anxiety level and reevaluate
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Combining Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions
CBT for depression
- -cause- lack of reinforcement from environment and downward spiral
- -learned helplessness
- -begin to interpret world as less supportive,and yourself as less competent/loveable
- -cognitive distortions
- -negative cognitive triad- self, environment, future
- -negative attribution style
- -internal vs. external
- -global vs. specific
- -stable vs. unstable
- -negative events are internal, stable, and global
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Treatment
- -add postive activities that are likely to be successes
- -provide social skills training to increase chance of success
- -identify and correct errors in thinking
- -whats the evidence for my belief? is there another explanation?
- -anchoring- think of someone who is really horrible
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CBT for Anxiety
- CAUSES: cognitive- overestimation of danger
- -behavioral- avoidance of dangerous situations never allows you to disconfirm negative belief
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Treatment
- -make cognitions more accurate
- -what are you afraid of happening? Chances of it happening? How bad would it be if it did happen? Could you cope?
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CBT for Panic Disorder
- -misinterpretation of physiological sensations as dangerous
- -avoidance of sensations
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Treatment
- -interoceptive exposure- experience sensations and say is it actually dangerous?
- -exercise to get heart beating
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CBT for OCD
- -misinterpretation of obsession as controllable -> guilt -> avoidance
- -compulsion is believed to be the only way to reduce anxiety
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Treatment
- -thought habituation
- -exposure and response prevention
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Strengths
- -empirically validated
- -very effective
- -short-term, cost effective
- -long term effects
- -able to be used by a variety of approaches
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Weaknesses
- -lots of training
- -who decides what is dysfunctional
- -superficial
- -feelings are ignored
- -past is not focused on
- -unconscious not included
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