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What is RNA and where are they located?
- Ribonucleic Acid(one of the two important nucleic acids for human metabolism.
- They are located in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
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What is protein synthesis?
The metabolic production of proteins (Taking small amino acids and building proteins)
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What is the difference between early effect and late effect of radiation exposure?
- Early-Radiation exposure response occurs w/in minutes or days after the radiation exposure (Burns,A-Bombs, Death)
- Late-Radiation exposure isn't observed for months or years (Genetic Mutation, Cancer) (You CAN have a side effect from minimal amounts of radiation exposure!)
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What is the difference between functions of all cell parts?
- Mitochondria-Macromolecules are digested and produces energy for the cell (Powerhouse)
- Lysosomes-Small pea like sacs, contain enzymes capable of digesting cell fragments (Garbage Men)
- Ribosomes-Small, dot like structures that "PROTEIN SYNTHESIS" happens, which is essential to cell function.
- Nucleus-Contains DNA (Brain of cell)
- Endoplasmic Reticulum-Connects nucleus to ribosome or cytoplasm (Communication)
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Give examples of epithelial, connective/supporting muscle, and nervous tissue?
- Epithelial-Skin, blood vessels, and digestive cells (Anything can be exposed to the outer world)
- Connective/Supporting-Ligaments (Connects bone-to-bone) Cartilage (Cushions Joints)
- Muscle-Heart, Hamstring (Protein is the main energy source)
- Nervous Tissue-Spinal and Nerve Cells ( Avenue for electrical impulses to be transmitted)
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where is DNA located in the cell?
In the nucleus of the cell (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) (Genetic Code, Blue Print)
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What is the difference between tissue, organs, and organ systems?
- Tissue-Collection of cells of similar structure and function (Skin)
- Organs-These similar structures are connected and have same job (Stomach, Heart)
- Organ System-Some tissues and organs combine into an overall organization (Digestive Cardiovascular)
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What are in the cells of the Nucleic Acid?
Nucleic Acid-DNA, RNA
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What is Metabolism and what two parts consist of metabolism?
- When you have both, catabolism and anabolism working at the same time.
- Catabolism-The breaking down of macromolecules into smaller units.
- Anabolism-The production of large molecules from small cells.
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What is the difference between Carbs, Lipids, and Proteins?
- Carbs-Composed solely of Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen (Sugar, Saccharides) (Glucose is the ultimate molecule that fuels the body)
- Lipids-Fat-Glycerol & Fatty Acids-thermal insulators under the skin (Hardest to break down)
- Proteins-Start as amino acids-Protein synthesis turns amino acids into proteins.
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What are the different phases between Mitosis and Meiosis?
- Mitosis-Somatic and Genetic Cells (everything but reproductive cells get reproduced).
- Interphase-Invisible (Nothing happens).
- Prophase-Cellular Change (DNA starts showing up and enlarges, therefore, making the nucleus bigger).
- Metaphase-The chromosomes appear and are lined up along the equator of the nucleus.
- Anaphase-They start splitting but are still on the equator.
- Telephase-The cell divides and makes two cells.
- Meiosis-Has all stages as Mitosis.
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What % of water is the body?
80%
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What % of oxygen and hydrogen is the body?
- 85%
- Oxygen-25%
- Hydrogen-60%
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What is the difference between somatic and genetic cells?
- Somatic-All cells of the body except oogonium and spermatagonium (Mitosis)
- Genetic-Oogonium of a female and Spermatagonium of a male (Meiosis)
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What are the two major parts of a cell?
- Cytoplasm-Gel, Holds cell together.
- Nucleus-Floats around in gel.
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What is the most radiosensitive target cell in the body?
The nucleic acid-DNA
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What provides the ultimate fuel for cell metabolism?
Carbs-Glucose
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What is the most basic level of the body?
Cell
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What makes up the bulk of the cell?
Cytoplasm-Biggest part of the cell (Most abundant)
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What part of the cell is the "POWERHOUSE"
Mitochondria-Produces energy
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What is the most radiosensitive tissue in the body?
- Lymphoid tissue-
- Bone Marrow (MOST)
- Muscle, Brain, Spinal (LEAST)
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What chromosomes results after Mitosis and Meiosis?
- Mitosis-Somatic Cells-46 Chromosomes (23 Pairs)-The cell would die
- Meiosis-Genetic Cells-23 Chromosomes (So they can "Marry")
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What is cell theory?
Cells are the basic function unit of all living things.
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