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Introduction to Behavior Therapy
- -skinner,pavlov,bandura
- -focus on measureable, obvservable behaviors
- -less focus on childhood, the internal world or insight
- -changing behavior can lead to changes in emotions
- -goals are defined in terms of behavior change
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What influences behavior?
antecedents, consequences, and models
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Basic Fundamental Principles
- -classical conditioning
- -operant conditioning
- -modeling/observation learning
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Key Concepts of Behavior Therapy
- -based on the scientific method (data collection)
- -regular assessment of the problem behavior
- -focus on current problems not past
- -client plays active role
- -assumes change can take place without insight
- -treatment is individually tailored
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Therapy Process; Goals
- -change behavior to be more adaptive and functional
- -help clients understand how they and the environment play a role in maintaining problematic behaviors
- -develop treatment plan to change associations and consequences
- -find healthier models
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Clients Role
- -teacher-student relationship
- -active participant
- -does h/w self monitoring
- -willing to make changes, not just talk
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Therapist Role
- -conduct a functional assessment of problem behavior
- -ABC model- (antecedents, behavior, consequences)
- -change antecendents/associations and consequences
- -evaluate and revise
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Basic Behavioral Techniques
- FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
- -conduct a functional assessment
- -collect data about the triggers + reinforcements/punishments related to problem behavior (self-monitoring)
SELF MANAGEMENT
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Treatment Plan
- -stimulus control: manage or avoid triggers
- -change reinforcements/punishments consequences
- -add rewarding activities
- -find healthier reinforcers (response substitution)
- -enlist others to manage reinforcements/punishments (continguency contracting), find healthier models
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Applied Behavioral Analysis (operant conditioning)
- -reinforcement (increasing behavior)
- -positive- adding something rewarding
- negative- subtracting something noxious
- extinction- removal on reinforcement
- -punishment (decreasing behavior)
- -postive- adding something noxious
- negative- subtracting something positive
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Behavioral Techniques for Specific Problems
- -skills training
- -anxiety disorders
- -relaxation training
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Skills Training
- -social skills, assertiveness, anger management
- -uses modeling, role playing, operant conditioning
- -client watches healthy behavior
- -gains practice doing the behavior in a supportive,controlled setting
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Relaxation Training
- -treats stress/anxiety
- -teaches client to more readily relax tense muscles
- -client must practice regularly so that they can use it effectively in stressful sit.
- -used in conjuction w other behavioral techniques
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Exposure Techniques
- -used to treat fear (phobias, panic, ocd) irrational fear
- -based on extinction- removal of reinforcement/punishment to extinguish behavior
- -avoidance plays a big role in increasing fear
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Exposure Therapy
- -prevent avoidance
- -learn if there truly is danger
- -extinguish fear response
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Flooding vs. Gradual exposures
- -gradual does it more slowly
- -fear hierarchy- rate fear
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In-vivo vs. Imaginal exposures
- -in vivo- means in person or real-life
- -imaginal exposures- imagine fear
- -EMDR
- -bilateral stimulation and exposure (PTSD)
- -write or tell story
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Systematic Desensitization
- -counterconditioning- classically condition an incompatable response
- -pair relaxation with gradual exposure to feared stimulus
- -client learns to associate relaxation w feared stimulus
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Contributions
- -empirically supported
- -specific, concrete
- -time-limited
- -many techniques
- -very effective (depression, ocd, panic, phobias)
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Limitations
- -treats symptoms, not causes
- -changes behavior, not feelings or insight
- -less focus on relational factors
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