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What are the purposes of medication
- Preventitive or prophylactic
- Diagnostic
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Proventitive or prophylactic
- Used to prevent the occurrence of a disease or lessen the severity.
- Like vaccines.
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Diagnostic
- aid in deciding the cause of a client's sysptoms.
- Dye that goes in the IV to view organs.
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Purpose of medication
- Curative
- Palliative
- Supportive
- Substitutive
- Chemotherapeutic
- Resorative
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Curative
to cure a illness, like an antibiotic
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Palliative
meds given to treat symptoms but does not cure, like morphine
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Supportive
A med that help support the organ ability to function
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Substitutive
meds that ass to your body, like vitamins
-
Chemotherapeutic
to stop RNA and DNA of cells
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Restorative
meds that restore what the body already make, like insulin, synthroid
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Assessment Data
- Drug allergies
- Use of caffeine, alcohol or nicotine
- Tolerance
- Drug dependence
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Caffine
Increase metabolic rate
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Alcohol
decrease absorbtion of meds
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What is the purpose of the drug legislation
to protect the public
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Assesment of clinical signs
- Vital signs
- Color of skin
- How does the patient feel
- Prescribed route is contraindicated
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How are drugs listed
- Generic name
- Chemical source
- Physiological effects
- Primary source
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What are the legal responsibilities of a nurse
- Negligence-causing harm to patients
- Malpratice- only use with people with licencse to lose.
- Student nurse liability
- Carrying out the MD orders, written, phone, or verbal
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Drug
any chemical that affects the processes of a living organism
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Trade name
- proprietary name
- Registered trademark
-
Chemical name
the drugs chemical composition and molecular structure
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Generic name
- nonpropietary
- Name given by the U.S.
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Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metrabolism
- Excretion
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Pharmacodymanics
- the study of what the drug does to the body
- the machanics of drug actions in living tissues
-
Pharmacotherapeutics
the use of drugs and the clinical indicati0ns for drugs to prevent and treat disease
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Absorption
the rate at which the drug leaves its site of administration and the extent to which absorption occurs
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Factors that affect absorption
- Route
- Food or fluids with the drug
- Status of the absorptive surface
- Rate of blood flow to the small intestine
- Acidity in the stomach
- Status of GI mobility
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Discribe the different routes
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Enteral route
- Oral
- Sublingual
- Buccal
- Rectal
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First pass effect
the metabolism of a drug and its passage from the liver into circulation
-
routes that bypass the live
- sublingual
- buccal
- rectal
- IV
- IM
- intranasal
- sub q
- vaginal
- transdermal
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Parenteral routes
- Intravenous
- Intramuscular
- Subcutaneous
- Intradermal
- Intrathecal
-
Topical route
- Eyes
- Skin
- Ears
- Nose
- Lungs
- Vagina
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The main organ that metabolism drugs is
the liver
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Other things that metabolize meds
- Kidneys
- Lungs
- Plasma
- Intestinal mucosa
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Factors that decrease metabolism
- cardivascular dysfunction
- renal insufficiency
- starvation
-
What are the types of excretion sites
-
What is half life
the time it takes for half of the original amount of the drug to be removed from the body
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Onset
the time it take for the drug to elicit a theraputic response
-
Peak
the time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum theraputic response
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Duration
the time a drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a theraputic response
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Monitoring interactions
- Additive effect
- Synergistic effect
- Antagonist effect
- Incompatibility
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Idiosyncratic
not predictable, only happen to one or two people
-
Hypersensitivity rection
systemic, difficulty breathing
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All drugs are potenntially toxic if
they are cumulative in the system.
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Iatrogenic responses
unintentional adverse effects that are treatment induced.
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Whic route has the greatest risk of toxicity
IM
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