Urinary System

Three functions of the Urinary System

What is a By-product of amino acid metabolism

Ammonia from liver combines with carbon dioxide to form what?

True or False: Urea is less toxic than ammonia?
True False

The Urinary System excretes 3 metabolic wastes, what are they?

This is a By-product of creatine phosphate breakdown

This is a By-product of the breakdown of nucleotides

A build up Uric Acid causes this?

True or False: Blood volume is not associated with salt balance
True False

Maintenance of salt-water balance in the urinary system, what causes osmosis into the blood?

The more water in the urinary system, the lower or higher the blood pressure?

How do the kidneys play a role in blood pressure regulation?

Maintenance of water/salt balance regulates these three things

Maintenance of water/salt balance excretion of this happens

Maintenance of water/salt balance reabsorption of this happens

Urine ph is normally around what?

In the urinary system what 2 hormones are secreted?

Secretion of renin (a hormone) in the urinary system leads to this being released from the adrenals?

Secretion of renin (a hormone) in the urinary system leads to aldosterone being released from the adrenals and the reabsorption of this?

This hormone secreted in the urinary system stimulates red blood cell production?

This hormone secreted in the urinary system activates vitamin D for calcium absorption

The four urinary organs

This urinary organ is located in the lumbar region behind the peritoneum

This urinary organ is covered by tough capsule and has a concave side-hilus

This urinary organ is the location of the renal artery and vein

This conducts urine from the kidney to the bladder

This urinary organ has a three layered wall (mucosa, smooth muscle and outer connective tissue)

This urinary organ conveys urine by peristalsis

This urinary organ stores unine

The walls of the urinary bladder are made up of what type of muscle

What urinary organ is the trigon region � due to three openings

The urinary bladder is expandable and made up of these three things

What are the two sphincters in the bladder neck?

The internal sphincter in the urinary bladder has smooth muscle and what type of control? Voluntary or involuntary

The external sphincter in the urinary bladder has skeletal muscle and what type of control? Voluntary or involuntary

This urinary organ conducts urine out of the body

What is the size of the urethra in females?

What is the size of the urethra in males?

Since the urethra in females is very short, it increases the likelihood of what?

In males, the prostate is associated with what urinary organ?

In males, this urinary organ is a common pathway for reproductive and urinary tracts

Stretch receptors in the wall of the bladder send impulses when the bladder fills to how many ml to stimulate urination

In the urinary system, motor impulses from the spinal cord stimulates bladder contraction and micturiton occurs and what is the result of all this

If micturition reflex can be over ridden by the brain in adults and older children, what can be delayed till an appropriate time

Each kidney contains over 1 million of these tiny blood processing units

These are the structural and functional units of the kidneys?

Each nephron is composed of a system of what?

Each system of tubules has its own blood supply. From the renal artery to the afferent arteriole to where?

The glomerulus are know as what in the blood flow of the kidneys

In the kidneys blood flow leaves the glomerulus by way of what

Blood path in the kidney goes from the renal artery to the afferent arteriole then in the glomerulus (specialized capillaries) then leaves the glomerulus by way of the efferent arteriole then to where?

The final blood vessal in the path of blood flow through the kidney is what

The kidneys have a rich blood supply and is what portion of the total cardiac output each minute.

The renal arteries divides into how many segmental arteries in the kidneys

Within the renal sinus, each segmental artery branches further to form what?

At the medulla-cortex junction, the interlobar arteries branch into the arcuate arteries that arch over what?

These radiate outward from the arcuate arteries to supply the cortical tissue.

What percentage of the blood entering the kidney perfuses (pour or defuses) the renal cortex.

These pretty much trace the pathway of the arterial supply in reverse

What is the pathway of blood flow leaving the renal cortex? (4 blood vessles)

The renal veins issue from the kidneys and empty into the what

The nerve supply of the kidneys are a variable network of autonomic nerve fibers and ganglia called what?

The renal plexus is largely supplied by sympathetic fibers from where?

This regulates renal blood flow by adjusting the diameter of renal arterioles

These fibers influence the urine forming role of the nephrons

Each nephron glomerulus and a renal tubule. The renal tubule is a cuplike structure called what?

T or F: Glomerular capsule or Bowman's capsule are made up of specialized cells?
True False

The visceral layer (or inner layer) of the glomerular capsule (Bowman's) have cells called what?

What layer of the glomerular capsule cling to the glomerular capillaries

In the glomerular capsule (bowman's) form pores for passage of what

The part of the renal tubule closest to the renal corpuscle is called what?

The walls of the proximal convoluted tubule PCT are formed by what

The walls of the proximal convoluted tubule PCT bear dense microvilli for what purpose

The proximal convoluted tubule PCT makes a hairpin loop called what

The section of the Loop of Henle thats called the thin segment, has what type of cells

The nephrons have short and long loops (Henle). What percentages have long loops and what percentage hase short loops

The further away renal tubule from the renal corpuscle is called what

The walls of the distal convoluted tubule DCT are formed by what

Distal convoluted tubule DCT of several nephrons enter how many collecting ducts

Collecting ducts empty into where

Glomerular capillaries and convoluted tubules lie within what part of the kidney

The long loops of Henle extend into what part of the kidney

This region of a nephron is where the most distal portion of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle lies against the afferent arteriole fedding the glomerulus. What is this region called

The arteriole walls of the juxtaglomerular apparatus have what type of cells

These are enlarged, smooth muscle cells with prominent secretory granules containing renin

Granular cells act as mechanoreceptors that sense the blood pressure Where

This is a group of tall, tightly packed cells of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle that lies adjacent to the granular cells?

These are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the NaCl content of the filtrate.

The Juxtaglomerular apparatus include two cell populations that play important roles in what? (2 things)