Bones

Compact and spongy

• Long bones
• Short bones
• Flat bones
• Irregular bones
• Sesamoid bones

• Rigid connective tissue
• Living
• Vascular (blood supply)
• Nerves
• Store calcium

Tubular structures (humerus in the arm; phalanges in the fingers)

Cuboidal and only found in the ankle (tarsus) and wrist (carpus)

Usually serve protective functions (those of the cranium protect the brain)

Such as those in the face, have various shapes other than long, short, or flat

Intratendonous; develop in certain tendons; these bones protect the tendons from excessive wear and often change the angle of the tendons as they pass to their attachments (the patella)

The diaphysis; ossified from primary ossification center and exhibits a compact, repeating pattern. Responsible for longitudinal growth and contains 2 types of vascular supply depending on bone type

Vascular system in compact bone

Vascular system in spongy bone

The ends of long bones (distal and proximal epiphyses); ossified from secondary ossification centers

Covers bone (but not hyaline cartilage) ("peri" means "around"); made of fibrous connective tissue; provides nutrients

Within this cavity of adult bones, blood cells and platelets are formed; also contains the nerves

The internal lining of the bone ("endo" means "inside")

Compact bone is very rigid with little give and therefore is more apt to fracture

Rounded articular surface (bone marking)

Ridge of bone (bone marking)

eminence superior to condyle (bone marking)

Smooth flat area where a bone articulates with another bone (bone marking)

Passage through a bone (bone marking)

Hollow or depressed area (bone marking)

Linear elevation (bone marking)

Rounded process (bone marking)

Indentation at edge of a bone (bone marking)

Projection (bone marking)

Thorn-like process (bone marking)

Projecting spine-like part (like the vertebrae) (bone marking)

Large blunt elevation (bone marking)

Small raised eminence (bone marking)

Large rounded elevation (bone marking)

Decrease in bone size (can be a result of paralysis or immobility of some sort)

Increase in size of bone (can be a result of weight bearing exercises)

Loss of blood supply to an epiphysis or other parts of a bone causes death in bone tissue

A cartilaginous plate that intervenes between diaphysis and epiphyses until growth is finished (at which the plates are replaced by bone); also known as the "growth plate"