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Pectoralis major
Origin: Cartilages of ribs 2-6, body of sternum, and inferior, medial portion of clavicle
Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: Flexion, adduction, and meical rotation at shoulder
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Latissimus dorsi
Origin: Spinous processes of inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12, and thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: Floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus
Action: Extension adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder
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Deltoid
Origin: Clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Abduction at shoulder; flexion and medial rotation; extension and lateral rotation
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Supraspinatous
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Abduction at shoulder
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Infraspinatous
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Lateral rotation at shoulder
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Teres major
Origin: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder
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Teres minor
Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Lateral rotation at shoulder
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Subscapularis
Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: Medial rotation at shoulder
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Coracobrachialis
Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion: Medial margin of shaft of humerus
Action: Adduction and flexion at shoulder
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Biceps brachii (short head)
Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Action: Flexion at elbow and shoulder; Supination
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Biceps brachii (long head)
Origin: Supraglenoid tuberle of the scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Action: Flexion at elbow and shoulder; supination
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Brachialis
Origin: Anterior, distal surface of humerus
Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity
Action: Flexion at elbow
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Brachioradialis
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: Lateral aspect of styloid process of radius
Action: Flexion at elbow
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Triceps brachii (Lateral head)
Origin: Superior, lateral margin of humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Extension at elbow
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Triceps brachii (Long head)
Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Extension at elbow; Extension and adduction at the shoulder
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Triceps brachii (Medial head)
Origin: Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
Insertion: Olecranon process
Action: Extension at elbow
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Anconeus
Origin: Posterior, inferior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Lateral margin of olecranon process on ulna
Action: Extension at elbow
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Pronator quadratus
Origin: Anterior and medial surfaces of distal portion of ulna
Insertion: Anterolateral surface of distal portion of radius
Action: Pronation
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Pronator teres
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: Midlateral surface of radius
Action: Pronation
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Supinator
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, annular ligament, and ridge near radial notch of ulna
Insertion: Anterolateral surface of radius a distal to the radial tuberosity
Action: Supination
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Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Bases of second and thirs MC
Action: Flexion and abduction at wrist
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Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus; adjacent medial surface of olecranon and anteromedial portion of ulna
Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, and base of 5th MC
Action: Flexion and adduction at wrist
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Palmaris longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
Action: Flexion at wrist
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Extensor carpi radialis
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: Base of 2nd MC
Action: Extension and abduction at wrist
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Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of 3rd MC
Action: Extension and abduction at wrist
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Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; adjacent dorsal surface of ulna
Insertion: Posterior surfaces of phalanges 2-5
Action: Extension and adduction at wrist
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Extensor digitorum
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Posterior surfaces of phalanges 2-5
Action: Extension at finger joint and wrist
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