Blood vessels, veins sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Alpha 1 & 2 constrict
Beta 2 dilate
Lungs, bronchial mm is sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Beta 2 dilate
Lungs, bronchial mm is parasympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
muscarinic constrict
GI tract, Salivary glands are sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Alpha 1 increase watery secretion
Betas increase enzyme secretion
GI tract, Salivary glands are parasympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Muscarinic increase watery secretions
GI tract, motility is sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Alpha 1 & 2 and Beta 2 decrease motility
GI tract, motility is parasympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
muscarinic increase
Urinary system, kidneys are sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Beta 1 increases renin secretion
Alpha 1 decreases renin secretion
Urinary system, Bladder Wall are sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Beta 2 relax (not important?)
Urinary system, Bladder Wall are parasympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
muscarinic contract
Urinary system, Bladder sphincter are sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Alpha 1 contract
Urinary system, Bladder sphincter are parasympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
muscarinic relax
Reproductive tract, male is sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Alpha 1 ejaculation
Reproductive tract, male is parasympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
muscarinic erection
Sweat glands, eccrine (thermoregulation) are sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
muscarinic secretion
Sweat glands, apocrine (axillae, pubic region) are sympathetically controlled by?receptor and response
Alpha 1 secretion
Metabolism, Pancreas, exocrine glands are sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Alphas decrease secretion
Metabolism, Pancreas, exocrine glands are parasympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
muscarinic increase secretion
Metabolism, Pancreas, endocrine glands are sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Alpha 2 decrease secretion
(Beta cells) Beta 2 increase secretion
Metabolism, Fat cells are sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Alpha 1, Beta 1, 2, & 3 increase lipolysis
Alpha 2 decrease lipolysis
Metabolism, Liver are sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Alpha 1, Beta 2 glyconeogenesis, gluconeogenesis
Metabolism, Gall Bladder is sympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
Beta 2 relax
Metabolism, Gall Bladder is parasympathetically controlled by?
receptor and response
muscarinic contract
Non-innervated receptors stimulated by circulating Epi or NE
most Beta receptors
Non-innervated receptors located on blood vessels
Muscarinic receptors producing vasodilation
Reflex used to control short term changes in blood pressure. back to homeostasis hopefully
Baroreceptor reflex
Located in carotid sinus (at bifurcation where carotid artery divides into internal and external carotid arteries) and the aortic arch,
Receptors that sense blood pressure
Sequence of baroreflex for acute increase in blood pressure
Increase BP -->increase activity in baroreceptor --> increase activity in _A__--> increase activity in __B__ --> __C__ activity of RVLM--->decrease ____D__ ___---> decrease BP --> __E_ activity in nucleus ambiguus ---> increase __F__ ___ to heart ---> decrease HR --> decrease BP
A) NTS
B) CVLM
C) increase
D) activity in baroreceptors
E) increase
F) vagal activity
sequence of baroreflex
receptor in carotid -->
Activity in NTS -->
activity in CVLM -->
Activity in RVLM -->
sympathetic outflow -->
effects BP -->
activity in Nucleus ambiguus -->
vagal activity of heart --->
effects HR and BP
Increase in tonic level of sympathetic tone to heart or blood vessels causes?
Hypertension
A tumor of the chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland and causes hypertension
pheochromocytoma
Drop in arterial pressure of 30mmHg or more upon standing, caused by inadequate reflex control of BP
Poatural (orthostatic) hypotension
Loss of sympathetic innervation to head. damage somewhere in path from hypothalamus to spinal cord and back up to the head
Miosis (pupil gets smaller)
Ptosis (eyelid droops)
Anhydrosis (loss of sweating)
Horner's syndrome
Occurs in diabetics due to degeneration of small nerve fibers.
impaired swallowing
delayed gastric emptying
diarrhea
orthostatic hypotension
bladder dysfunction
erectile dysfunction (unless female)
Autonomic diabetic neuropathy
Patients with spainal cord lesion at T6 or above may develop this
Extremely high BP
Multiple stimuli can evoke the hypertension (autonomic dysreflexia) such as:
bladder distension
colon distention
rectum distension
touching lower abdomen
pregnancy
Due to rewiring after spinal cord injury