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What are the three philosophies?
Confucanism, Daoism, Legalism.
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What is the Silk Road?
Important trade route from China to Europe. Silk was brought to Europe.
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What are oracle bones?
Used to predict the future during the Shang Dynasty
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First emperor of China:
Shi Huangdi
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Who was Confucious?
- Confucius was the leading and most famous teacher in ancient China.
- Sometimes he also acted as a political advisor to emperors.
- Confucius opened the first school for the common people. His teachings
- went on to have a lasting influence on Chinese way of life.
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Explain the dynastic cycle.
- A new ruler unites China, founds a new dynasty, and gains the Mandate of Heaven.
- China, under the new dynasty, achieves prosperity.
- The population increases.
- Corruption becomes rampant in the imperial court, and the empire begins to enter decline and instability.
- A natural disaster wipes out farm land. The disaster normally would not have been a problem; however, together with the corruption and overpopulation it causes famine.
- The famine causes the population to rebel and starts a civil war.
- The ruler loses the Mandate of Heaven.
- The population decreases because of the violence.
- China goes through a warring states period.
- One state emerges victorious.
- The state starts a new empire.
- The empire gains the Mandate of Heaven.
- (The cycle repeats itself.)
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Explain the fundamental teachings of Confucius
- Importance of education for moral development of the individual so that the state can be governed by moral virtue rather than by the use of coercive law
- 5 relationships:(1) ruler to ruled; (2)father to son; (3) husband to wife; (4) elder brother to younger brother; and (5) friend to friend
- sought ways to adopt more peaceful alternatives to constant strife.
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Explain the fundamental teachings of Taoism.
- teachings of Lao-Tse
- sought ways to adopt more peaceful alternatives to constant strife.
- balance & harmony with others and the natural world.
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Explain the fundamental ideas behind Legalism.
- based mostly on political issues
- invented in the Han dynasty
- legalism was a utilitarian political philosophy that did not address higher questions like the nature and purpose of life
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Describe yin and yang.
- White is yang, often associated with positive traits and given a masculine connotation
- Yin is black, feminine, and negative
- Yin and yang-opposites
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Explain the concepts of filial piety.
- originating with Confucianism
- Respect for family/elders/ancestors
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