obstetrics

bleeding from a normally situated placenta as a result of its complete or partial detachment after the 20th wk of gestation

aspiration of a sample of amniotic fluid throught the mother's abdomen for diagnostic analysis of fetal genetics, maturity and /or disease

smooth membrane enclosing the fetus and amniotic fluid; it is loosely fused with the outer chorionic membrane except at the placental insertion of the umbilical cord where the amnion is contiguous with the membranes surrounding the umbilical cord

a nural tube defect where absence of the brain, including cerebrum, the cerebellum, and basal ganglia may be present

the ligatures around the cervix uteri to treat cervical incompetence during pregnancy

inferior segment of the uterus, whish is normally more than 3.5cm long during pregnancy decreasing in length during labor

cellular outermost extraembryonic membrane composed of thrphoblast lined with mesoderm the outer chorion (villous chorion) develop villi, which are vascularized bu allantoic vessels and gice rise to the placenta; the inner chorion ( the smooth chorion) is fused with the amniom except at the placental cord insertion

insertion under sonographic guidance of a thin needle into the vessels of the umbilical cord usually at the site of placental insertion to obtain a fetal blood sample, deliver fetal drug theraphy or assess fetal welll-being

a functional structure within the normal ovary, which is formed from cells lining the graafin follicle ofter oculation; the corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone and may become enlarged and appear cystic during early pregnancy

vascular structure with the retal liver that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava and allows oxygenated blood to bypass the liver and return directly to the heart

developing individual from implantation to the end of the 9th week of gestation

age of embryo stated as time from day of conception

length of pregnancy defined in the united states as number of weeks from first day of last normal menstrual period(LNMP)

structure lined by the chorion that normally implants with in the uterine deciduas and contains the developing embryo

abnormal conception in which there is partial or complete conversion of the chorionic villi into grapelike vesicles

a condition in which the cervix dilated silently during the second trimester; without intervention, the membranes bulge through the cervix, rupture, and the fetus drops out resulting in a premature preterm delivery

reduced growth rate(symmetrical IUGR) or abnormal growth pattern ( asymmetrical IUGR) of the fetus; resulting in a small for gestational age (SGA) infant

thin expanded lower portion of the uterus that forms in the last trimester of pregnancy

exceptionally large infanct with excessive fat deposition in the subcutaneous tissue; most frequently seen in fetuses of diabetic mothers

one of several biochemical tests used to assess fetal risk for aneuploidy or fetal defect; a component of the "triple scree" the normal value varies with gestational age; assessment of gestational age is essential to accurate interpretation of results

reduced amount of amniotic fluid

argan of commuication where nutrition and products of metabolism are interchanged btwn the fetal and maternal blood systems; forms from the chorian frondosum with a maternal decidual contribution

placental implantation encroaches upon the lower uterine segmant; if the placenta presents first in late pregnancy, bleeding is inevitable

excessive amount of amniotic fluid

a 40 week pregnancy is divided into three 13 weel periods from the first day of the last normal menstrual period ( wks 1-12=1st trimester, wks 13-26= 2nd trimester, wks 17 - term= 3rd trimester)

connecting lifeline between the fetus and placenta it contains 2 atreies which carry deoxygentated fetal blood and 1 vein which carries oxygenated fetal blood encased in Whorton's jelly

a circular structure within the gestational sac seen sonographically btwn 4-10 weeks of gestational age; the yolk sac supplies nutrition, facilitates waste removal, and is the origin of early hematopoietic stem cells in the embryo; it lies btwn the chorion and the amnion

products of conception from ferilization through implantation, the zygotic stage of pregnancy lasts for aprox 12 days after conception

self-governing or self-directing freedom and especially moral independence; the right of persons to choose and to have their choices respected

bringing about good by maximizing benefits and minimizing possible harm

holding nformation in confidence; respect for privacy

the study of what is good and bad and of moral duty and abligation; systematic reflection on and analysis of morality

providing complete information and assuring comprehension and voluntary consent by a patient or subject to a required or experimental medical procedure

adherence to moral and ethical principles

the ethical prinicple that requires fair distribution of benefits and burden and injustice occurs when a benefit to which a person is entitled is withheld or when a burden is unfairly imposed

the protection of cherished values that relate to how persons interact and live in peace

refrain from harming oneself or others

incroporates both respect for the autonomy of individuals and the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy

• truthfulness
• honesty

cavity in which the fetus exists; forms early in gestation; fills with amniotic fluid to protect the fetus

surrounds the amniotic cavity; the yolk sac is within the chorionic cavity

the small yellow endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone and estrogen

most accurate measurement of the embryo in the first trimester

the villi on the maternal side of the placenta of embryo; unites with the chorion to form the placenta

the villi surrounding the chorionic sac

multiple pregnancy with 2 chorionic sacs

multiple pregnancy with 2 amniotic sacs

interface btwn the decidua capsularis and the echogenic highly vascular endometruim

age calculated from when conception occurs

time btwn 6 -10 weeks of gestation

high frequency transducerthat is inserted into the vaginal canal to obtain better definition of first trimester pregnancy

production and development of blood cells

hormone secreted by the trophoblastic cells of the blastocyst; lab test indicates pregnancy when values are elevated

intrauterine pregnancy

length of time calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (LMP) to the point at which the pregnancy is being assessed

multiple pregnancy with one amniotic sac

multiple pregnancy with one chorionic sac

mean sac diameter

first site of formation of red blood cells that will nourish the embryo

formed at 23 days when the primary yolk sac is pinched off by the extra embryonic coelom

the umbilical duct connecting the yolk sac with the embryo

fertilized ovum resulting from union of male and female gametes