Med Terms Chap 5- GI Tract

intake of food

breakdown of food

process of extracting nutrients

excretion of waste products

refers to the tubelike nature of the digestive system, starting with the mouth and continuing in the varying diamters to the anus

wavelike movement to move food through the tract

digestie system speciality

treat disorders of the rectum

intial breakdown the food mechanically by chewing (mastication) and lubricate food to make swallowing (deglutition) easier

anterior portion

posterior protion

oral cavity

throat

most superior part of the pharynx (throat)

part of the throat, directly adjacent to the oral cavity

muscular, mucus lined tube that extends from the thorat to the stomach

masticated lump of food

lower esphogeal sphincter (LES), gastroesophoeal sphincter or the cardiac sphicter

expandable vessel

fundus, body and pylorus

portion of the stomach that surrounds the esophogeal gastric connection

area of the stomach that abrupts the diaphragm

central part of the stomach

regulates the gentle release of food from the stomach into the small intestines

ridges or wrinkles of the stomach

food mix with gastric juices

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

multiple circular folds in the small intestines

valve that exits from the small intestines and the entrance of the colon

first part of large intestines

wormlike appendage

accessory structures

substance formed by the liver which emulsifies or mechanically breaks down fats

composed from bile, and is the waste product formed by the normal breakdown of hemogloin in the red blood cells

biles storage location

hormone secreted causing the contraction of the galbladder to move bile out into the cystic duct, then the common bile duct and finally into duodenum

gland that involves the digestion CHO, PRO and lipids

feeling of epigastric discomfort (indigestion)

release of air from the stomach through the mouth (burp)

bad smelling breath

vomiting of blood

involuntary contraction of the digaphram

senation that accompanies the urge to vomit but doesnt always lead to it

heartburn

return of swallowed food to the mouth

forcible or involuntary emptying of the stomach through the mouth

inrequeent, incomplete or delayed bowel movement

abnormal dicharge of watery, semisolid stool

fart!

bright red, frank lower GI bleeding from the rectum

digarrhea, gas and or constipation resulting from stress with no underlying disease

black, tarry stools caused bye the presence of partially digested blood

failure of the plate to close during the embryotic development

esophogus that ends in a blind pouch and therefore lacks an opening to the stomach

congenital absence of normal nervous function in part of the colon

condition in which the muscle between the stomach and the small intestines narrows or fails to open adequately to allow partially digestd food into the duodenum

recurring condition charcaterized by small erosions (ulcers) which appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth (canker sore)

inflammation of the lips

abnormal condition of the lips present in riboflavin deficiency

cavities

film of matieral that coats the teeth and may lead to dental decay if not removed

inflammatory dieseas of the gums

inflammation of the mouth caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) aka cold sore/fever blister

condition of white patches tht may appear on the lips and buccal mucosa

condition of which the teeth do not touch properly when the mouth is closed

pathologic condtion of the tissues surrounding the teeth

purulent discharge from the tissue surrounding the teeth

impairment of espogheal peristalsis along with lower esophogeal sphincer's inability to relax

difficulty swallowing that may be due to the obstruction of a motor disorder

flowing back or return of the contents of the stomach to the esophagus caused by inability of the LES to contact normally

gastric pain

inflammation of the stomach

an erosion of the protective mucus lining of the stomach or duodenum (gastric or duodenal ulcer)

cracklike lesion of the skin around the anus

circumscribed area of inflammation in the anus or rectum, containing pus

inflammation of the veriform appendix

inlfammation of the large intestines

inflammation of the ileum or the colon that is idiopathic origin

inflammation occurring secondary to the occurrences of diverticulosis

development of diverticula, pouches in the lining of the colon

abnormal channel between the organs or from an internal organ to the surface of the body

varicose vein in the lower rectum or anus

obstruction

chronic inflammation of the lining of the intestines charactherized by bleeding and diarrhea

inward telescoping of the intestines

inflammation of the mucous membranes

inflammation of the peritoneum that most commpnly occurs when an inflamed appendix ruptures

benign growth that may occur in the intestines

inflammation of the rectum and the anus

common chronic condiiton of itching of the skin surrounding the anus

chronic inflammation of the colon and recutm manifesting with bouts of profuse watery diarrhea

twsting of the intestines

inflammation of the bile vessels

inflammation of the gallbladder

presence of stones in the common bile duct

presence of stone in the gallbladder, sometimes characterized by right upper quadrant pain (biliary colic) with nausea and vomiting

chronic degenerative disease of the lover, most commonly associated with alcohol abuse

Inflammation disease of the liver that is caused by an increasing number of viruses, alcohol, and drugs. Currently named by letter, hepatitis A-G, that means of viral transmission is not the same for each form.

Virus transmitted through direct contact with fecally contaminated food

virus transmitted through contaminated blood or sexual contact

virus transmitted through blood transfusion, percutaneous incoculation, or sharing of infected needles.

yellowing of the skin and scleare (white of the eyes) caused by evaluated levels of bilirubin

inflammation of the pancreas

protrusion of a loop of intestine through the femoral canal into the groin

protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm

loop of bowel with ends occluded so tat solids cannot pass; herniated bowel can become strangulated.

protrusion of a loop of intestine into the inguinal canal

constriction of a tubular structure, including intestines, leading to impedance of circulation.

protrusion of the intestine and omentum through a weakness in the abdominal wall

glandular tumors that are filled with cysts, these are the most common benign tumors in the pancreas

the most common type of benign tumor, these are tumors of the blood vessels

smooth muscle tumor that may occur in the digestive tract

bengin tumor that arise around the teeth and jaw

adenomatous (growth that arise from glandular tissue, have potential to become malignant) or hyperplastic (generally, small growths that have no tendency to become malignant) tumors occurring throughout the digestive tract. Polyps may be sessile (flat) or pedunculated (having a stalk)

a malignant tumor of epithelial origin that either originates from the glandular tissue or has a glandular appeearance

malginant tumors of the epithelial origin that orginate in the liver cells

cancers that have a scalelike appearance

introduction of a barium sulfate suspension through the rectum for imaging of the lower digestive tract to detect tumors and abnormal.

radiographic imaging done after oral ingestion of a barium sulfate suspension

radiological procedure that captures images of the common bile vessel through injection of a contrast medium into the bile duct

radiographic technique that produces detailed images of "slices" or cross sections of the body

internal visualization of the body with an endoscope

xray procedure that allows visualization of structures in real time on a monitor screen

test that measures the motor function of the esophogus

use of high-freq. sound waves to image deep structures of the body

removal and examinaiton of living tissue for diagnostic purposes

blood test to detect increased enzymes that can indicate cirrhosis

fecal exam to test for microorganims in the feces such as worms, bacteria etc

fecal specimen exam to detect hidden blood, which may indicate GI bleeding

detect jaundice

new connection created between 2 hollow structures

surgical redirection of the bowel to a stoma, an artificial opening of the abdominal wall

method of introducing a solution into the rectum for the therapeutic relief on constipation

surgical removal of all or part of the stomach

feeding through a tube in the stomach

surgical excision of hemorroids

hernia repair

theraputic use of nutritonal supplements that exceed recommended daily requirements

surgery done through several small incisions in the abdominal wall with the aid of an instrument called a laparascope

any surgical incision in the adbominal wall for the purpose of an operative apprach or for explaoratory purposes

tying off a blood vessel or duct

surgical destruction of adhesions

placement of a tube from the nose, down the back of the throat, then into the stomach for the purpose of enteral feeding or removing of gastric contents

removal of a tooth

removal of a sessile or pedunculated polyp

surgical rempair of the mouth