ANS

More active during activities and is involved with the fight or flight response. Excitation of this expends bodily stores of energy

Is more active at rest, involved in digesting a meal and divesting waste products. Excitation of this activates bodily processes that conserve or replenish bodily stores of energy.

Sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems are part of what

ANS is in charge of maintaining?

Neurons that go to an organ

Myelinated, cell bodies are in CNS, secrete ACh as neurotransmitter

unmyelinated, located outside of CNS, secrete ACh or NE as neurotransmitter

In charge of detecting mechanical stretch (mechanoreceptors), osmotic conditions (osmoreceptors), levels of various chemical substances (chemoreceptors). From internal environment of the body.

Recieves and integrates the various sensory signals from the internal environment, then sends signals to the motor neurons to make necessary adjustments.

Only uses ACh, Nicotine receptors, and is only excitatory

innervates smooth and cardiac mm, glands, and GI neurons
Uses ACh and NE
Has Muscarinic and Adrenergic receptors
can be excitatory or inhibitory

More of these than Motor neurons

Located in intermediolateral nucleus (IML), exit spinal cord through ventral roots

IML is in the?

Located in the ---- chain ganglia (paravertebral ganglia) that lie close to the spinal cord, and the more distant prevertebral ganglia.

Ganglia are named according to?

superior cervical ganglion is th fusion of what ganglia

Middle cervical ganglion is the fusion of what ganglia

Stellate ganglion is the fusion of what ganglia

What causes widespread activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

ganglia that lie along major branches of aorta
named according to artery close to

located in sympathetic ganglia
extend to innervate the effector organs via the gray rami communicantes

postganglionic sympathetic neurons usually secrete ______ except for in the _____ where they secrete ________

located in adrenal medulla
innervated by preganglionic sympathetic neurons
secrete ______ and _____

Thoracolumbar division

Craniosacral division

located either directly on the effector organ or in close proximity to the effector organ

unmyelinated and usually located on the effector organ.
release ACh as the neurotransmitter

cholinergic transmitter

Enzyme that converts choline and acetyl CoA to Acetylcholine

ACh is released following arrival of ____ at the nerve terminal

What enzyme stops ACh action

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are stimulated by?

_____ receptors are stimulated by ___ doses of nicotine and inhibited by ____ doses of nicotine

Can inhibit or excite effector organ
atropine is antagonist

subtype of Muscarinic receptor that is in the heart, and other smooth mm

subtype of Muscarinic receptor located everywhere in the periphery

subtype of Muscarinic receptor located in the brain

Antagonist of Neuromuscular Junction (nicotinic)

Antagonist of all autonomic ganglia

Antagonist of the Muscarinic receptors

Adrenegic refers to

synthesized from tyrosine and packaged into vesicles
taken up into nerve terminal and reused

Ways to terminate NE action (4)

Chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla convert ___ into ___

Found on organs or tissues, and mediate the effects of released norepinephrine or the actions of circulating epinephrine

Agonist of Alpha adrenergic receptors (A1 and A2)

Antagonist of A1 and A2 adrenergic receptors

Agonist of B1-3 Adrenergic receptors

Alpha receptors are _____ except in the ___ where they produce ______ effects.

The primary receptor on effector organs and tissues mediating alpha-adrenergic receptors.

Located on effector organs and tissue
located on presynaptic noradrenergic terminals and act as autoreceptors
Release of NE inhibits more release of NE

____ receptors _____ except in the ____ where they ____

Found primarily in heart exciting them
higher HR, force of contraction and Conduction Velocity

located on most organs
mediate the dilator and inhibitory effects of beta-adrenergic receptor activation

located primarily in brown adipose tissue
are excited by circulating epinephrine
When stimulated, these receptors mediate lipolysis
Breaks rules

sympathetic and parasympathetic systems work together to produce an effect. (HR)

basal resting nerve activity

Eyes Sympathetic receptor and response?

Eyes Parasympathetic receptor and response

Heart SA node, AV node, Atria, and ventricles parasympathetic receptor and response

Heart SA node, AV node, Atria, and ventricles sympathetic receptor and response

Blood vessels Arterioles Coronary sympathetic receptor and response

Blood vessels Arterioles skin sympathetic receptor and response

Blood vessels Arterioles skeletal mm sympathetic receptor and response

Blood vessels Arterioles Abdominal viscera sympathetic receptor and response

Blood vessels Veins sympathetic receptor and response

Lungs bronchial mm sympathetic receptor and response

Gastrointestinal tract salivary sympathetic receptor and response

Lungs bronchial mm parasympathetic receptor and response

Gastrointestinal tract salivary parasympathetic receptor and response

Gastrointestinal tract motility sympathetic receptor and response

Gastrointestinal tract motility parasympathetic receptor and response

Urinary system kidneys sympathetic receptor and response

Urinary system bladder wall sympathetic receptor and response

Urinary system bladder wall parasympathetic receptor and response

Urinary system bladder sphincter sympathetic receptor and response

Urinary system bladder sphincter parasympathetic receptor and response

Reproductive tract male sympathetic receptor and response

Reproductive tract male parasympathetic receptor and response

Sweat glands eccrine (thermoregulation) sympathetic receptor and response

Sweat glands apocrine (axillae, pubic region) sympathetic receptor and response

Metabolism Pancreas exocrine glands sympathetic receptor and response

Metabolism Pancreas exocrine glands parasympathetic receptor and response

Metabolism Pancreas endocrine glands sympathetic receptor and response

Metabolism Pancreas exocrine glands (Beta cells) sympathetic receptor and response

Metabolism Fat cells sympathetic receptor and response

Liver sympathetic receptor and response

Metabolism Gall Bladder sympathetic receptor and response

Metabolism Gall Bladder parasympathetic receptor and response