Pharma1

the study of drugs and their action on living organisms.

the type of complementary/alternative therapy that uses plants or herbs to treat various disorders.

designated by the federal govt as potentially harmful unless their use is supervised by a licensed health care provider.

undesirable drug effect.

the largest category of drugs.

the name of the drug, the dosage, the method and times of administration, and the signature of the provider.

designated by the FDA and can be obtained without a prescription.

also referred to as OTC and may be purchased at pharmacy, drugstore, or supermarket.

the most carefully monitored of all drugs. Have a high potential for abuse and may cause physical or psychological dependecy.

the habitual use of a drug, in which negative physical withdrawal symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation.

a compulsion or craving to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience.

established a schedule or classification system for drugs with abuse potential.

20 to 100 individuals who are healthy volunteers. If successful moves to Phase II.

which tests are performed on people who have the disease or condition for which the drug is thought to be effective. If positive then goes to Phase III.

in which the drug is given to large numbers of patients in medical research centers to provide info about adverse reactions.

the manufacturer places the drug on the market and put on surveillance.

to encourage the development and marketing of products used to treat rare diseases.

the drug dissolves. Drugs must be soluble to be absorbed.

to activities within the body after a drug is administered. Include absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

by which a drug is made available for use in the body.

used to move the drug from an area of low concentration to one of high concentration.

used as the drug moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. small molecules diffuse across the cell membrane.

cells engulf the drug particle. cell forms a vesicle to transport the drug into the inner cell.

action by which an oral drug is absorbed and carried directly to the liver, where it is inactivated by enzymes before it enters the bloodstream.

the process by which the body changes a drug to a more or less active for that can be excreted.

an inactive form of the original drug.

the elimination of drugs from the body.

the time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug.

time between administration of the drug and onset of its therapeutic effect.

when absorption rate equals the elimination rate (not always the time of peak response)

the length of time the drug produces a therapeutic effect.

the study of the drug mechanisms that produce biochemical or physiologic changtes in the body.

when a drug molecule selectively joins with a reactive site- the receptor- on the surface of a cell.

a drug that binds with a receptor and stimulates the receptor to produce a therapeutic response.

a drug that joins with receptors but does not stimulate the receptors

competes with the agonists for receptor sites.

binds with receptor sites and always blocks the effects of the agonists.

any substance that causes abnormal development of the fetus, often leading to severe deformation.

produces a change in the osmotic pressure in brain cells, causing a reduction in cerebral edema.

an example of a drug that acts by altering the surface of cell membrane.

the study of how people's responses to medications are variable due to individual genetic variation.

an intermediate hypersensitivity reaction.

a foreign substance in which an individuals immune system responds to the drug.

protein substances that protect against antigens.

an extremely serious allergic drug reaction that occurs shortly after the admin of a drug to which the individual is sensitive.

an allergic reaction manifested by the collection of fluid in subq tissues.

used to describe any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug.

used to describe a decreased response to a drug, requiring an increase in dosage to achieve desired effect.

when the body is unable to metabolize and excrete one dose of a drug before the next dose is given.

when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone.

occurs when drugs interact with each other and produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions.

the taking of numerous drugs that can potentially react with one another.