-
internal urethral sphincter
-
What is this specific structure?
prostatic urethra
-
Which structures carry away reabsorbed substances from filtrate?
peritubular capillaries
-
What is the process of filtration driven by?
Blood hydrostatic pressure
-
Where does the process of filtration occur?
Bowman's capsule
-
When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases what happens?
less urine is produced
-
functions of juxtaglomerular apparatus?
- 1) renin formation
- 2) erythropoietin formation
- 3) endocrine function
- 4) junction between the ascending loop of Henle and the afferent arteriole
-
what happens in loop of Henle?
Sodium and chloride ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb
-
primary function of proximal convoluted tubule?
Absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water
-
when does tubule secretion occur?
Wastes are removed from the blood and secreted into the tubular filtrate
-
what does a Sympathetic innervation of the afferent arterioles cause?
Decrease in GFR and slowing of filtrate production
-
structures that compose nephron?
- renal corpuscle
- loop of Henle
- proximal convoluted tubule
- distal convoluted tubule
-
how does vegetarian diet affect urine pH?
more alkaline
-
first step in urine formation?
filtration
-
if kidney infection suspected, what do you look for in kidney?
-
is it normal or abnormal to have trace amounts of creatinine in urine?
normal
-
What is the name of the process where water and solutes move from the blood into the
kidney tubules?
tubular secretion
-
causes of albuminuria?
increased permeability of filtration membrane d/t High blood prssure, kidney trauma, disease, inflammation
-
glucosuria?
glucose in urine
-
tubular reabsorption?
water and solutes move from kidney tubules into blood
-
anorexia and starvation. How can you tell by urine?
- Ketonuria
- decrease urine pH
-
calculi
insoluble salt crystals in urine
-
casts
hard clumps of cells or protien in urine
-
process where water and solutes move from blood to capsular space?
filtration
-
ketonuria?
ketone bodies in urine
-
-
function of loop of Henle?
control water loss via urine
-
normal urine color
yellow or amber. Darker in color is higher concentration
-
kidney stone clinical term?
calculi
-
-
cause of pyuria?
infection
-
movement of substances from peritubular capillaries into renal tubules?
tubular secretion
-
what does specific gravity measure?
concentration
-
what does a low specific gravity represent?
dilute urine
-
cause of hematuria?
- damage to urinary system d/t
- 1) inflammation
- 2) trauma
- 3) disease
- 4) kidney stone
- 5) tumor
-
cause of ketonuria?
- ketosis
- 1) starvation
- 2) low carb diet
- 3) uncontrolled diabetes
-
if you have glucosuria what can it indicate?
-
high specific gravity means what?
concentrated urine
-
urine smell is sweet and fruity, what would you expect to find on urinalysis?
ketonuria
-
high protien diet will affect urine pH how?
makes it more acidic as purines are converted to uric acid
-
why is a small amt of creatinine good ?
normal muscle metabolism
-
why are trace levels of urea normal in urine?
amino acid metabolism
-
causes of hemoglobinuria?
- anemia
- transfusion reaction
- burn
- snake bite
- renal disease
-
cause of bilirubinuria?
- hepatitis
- cirrhosis
- blocked bile duct
-
cause of nitrates in urine
gram negative bacteria
-
polynephritis?
inflammation of kidney
-
Which structures carry away reabsorbed substances from filtrate?
peritubular capillaries
-
what drives the process of filtration?
Blood hydrostatic pressure
-
process of filtration occurs at what structure?
bowman's capsule
-
When ADH increases, (antidiuretic hormone) what happens to urine?
less urine is produced.
-
causes of bilirubinuria?
- hepatitis
- liver disease
- cirrhosis
- blocked bile duct
- hepatocellular disease
-
what is calculi known as?
kidney stones
-
Excessive hemolysis will cause what condition in the urine?
hemoglobinuria
-
What do nitrites in the urine indicate?
gram negative bacteria
-
What does polynephritis mean?
inflammation of kidney
-
What is the primary force that forms the first fluid during urine formation?
hydrostatic pressure
-
What is the process for movement of hydrogen ions from the blood into the proximal convoluted tubule?
tubular secretion
-
What is the presence of white blood cells in the urine called
pyuria
-
Which portion of the nephron is primarily responsible for moving glucose from the filtrate into the blood?
proximal convoluted tubule
-
What does specific gravity measure?
concentration
-
Where does urea in the urine come from?
amino acid metabolism
-
is uric acid in urine normal or abnormal?
normal
-
leukocytes normal in urine?
no, means infections
-
creatinine normal in urine?
yes in trace amounts,
|
|
