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Which lung will be a little smaller than the other?
left
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Superficial fibrous pericardium
protects, anchors, and prevents overfilling
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visceral layer (epicardium)
external surface of the heart
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pericardial cavity
fluid filled that decreases friction
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epicardium
visceral layer of serous pericardium
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myocardium
main wall of heart (muscle)
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Fibrous skeleton of the heart
Chordae tendonae and heart valves that anchor cardiac muscle fibers and support
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Endocardium
continuous with endothelium
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Cardiac muscle bundles
gernates force to push blood out of the heart
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what seperates the two ventricles?
interventricular septum
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what increase atrial volume?
auricles
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Atria
walls are ridged by pectinate muscles and thin
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vessels entering right atrium
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus
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vessels entering left atrium
right and left pulmonary veins
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ventricles
walls are ridged by trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles project into the ventricular cavities
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vessel leaving the right ventricle
pulmonary trunk
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vessel leaving the left ventricle
aorta
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which ventricle has the most muscles in the wall?
left
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systemic arteries are rich in ______ and low in _____
rich oxygen, low carbon dioxide
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systemic veins are ____ in oxygen and _____ in carbon dioxide
low in oxygen, rich in co2
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which way do arteries carry blood
away from the heart
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what is used to prevent prolapse?
tendonae chordae
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where do veins carry blood?
back to the heart
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how long does it take to complete one circuit of blood when at rest?
30 seconds
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Pathway of blood through the heart
- right atrium
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary semilunar valve
- pulmonary trunk
- pulmonary arteries
- lungs
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- bicuspid valve
- left ventricle
- aortic semilunar valve
- aorta
- systemic circulation
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Are equal volumes of blood pumped to the pulmonary and systemic circuits?
yes
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pulmonary circuit
short, low pressure circulation (1/3 of systemic pressure)
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systemic circuit
blood encounters much resistance in the long pathways of high pressure
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The interventricular septum works like what ventricle?
left ventricle
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coronary arteries get blood from where?
aorta
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Does coronary circulations function aerobicly?
yes
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Coronary Circulation
the functional blood supply to the heart muscle itself
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What is the common receiving center from all other veins?
coronary sinus
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Angina pectoris
thoracic pain, cells are weakend, with rest strength can be regained
-
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
prolonged coronary blockage that almost always involves ventricles (cells die)
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What is the first step of the Cardiac cycle?
atrial systole and ventricular diastole
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What is the 2nd step of the cardiac cycle?
ventricular systole and atrial diastole
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What is the last step of the cardiac cycle
atrial and ventricular diastole
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Which of the three steps in the cardiac cycle last the longest?
The last step (3rd step)
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systole
heart actively contracting
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diastole
relaxing/ relaxed
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atrioventricular valves
prevent backflow into the atria, tricuspid valve and mitral valve
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semilunar valves
prevent backflow into the ventricles, aortic and pulmonary semilunar valve
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lowest pressure on average is in the atriums or ventricles?
atriums
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is cardiac muslce aerobic or anaerobic?
aerobic
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size of skeletal muscle cells
large
-
size of cardiac muscle cells
small
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What is the connective tissue matrix that connects to the fibrous skeleton?
endomysium
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what makes up a large volume of a cell
mitochondria
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What does the mitochrondria do for a cell
performs cell respiration to give cardiac muscle oxygen
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intercalated discs
junctions between cells anchor cardiac cells
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desmosomes
prevent cells from seperating during contraction
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gap junctions
allow ions to pass, electrically couple adjacent cells
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