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Structures in production of speech
- – Lungs (respiration)
- – Larynx (phonation)
- – Vocal tract (articulation)
- • Pharynx • Oral cavity • Nasal cavity
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source-filter theory
- basic theory of speech sound production
- - A sound source is created by constricting the expiratory air flow from the lungs
- -The sound source is modified by the vocal tract, which acts as a sound filter
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Mobile/Active Articulators
- – Tongue
- • Tip, blade, dorsum, root• Epiglottis
- – Jaw (mandible)
- – Velum (soft palate)
- – Lips/cheeks
- – Larynx/hyoid bone
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Immobile/Passive Articulators
- – Alveolar ridge
- – Hard palate
- – Teeth
- – Posterior pharyngeal wall
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Bones of the Face
- -mandible
- -maxillae
- -nasal bone
- -palatine bone
- -vomer
- -zygomatic bone
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Mandible
Ramus articulates with skull on each side
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mental symphysis
midline fusion of the mandible
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maxilla
- -Frontal process articulates with frontal bone of the skull and nasal bone
- -Infraorbital margin is the medial and inferior border of the eye
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cleft palate
- – Cleft palate occurs along the intermaxillary suture, when the tongue fails to descend during development
- – Cleft lip usually found at the premaxillary suture, when tissues fail to fuse
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