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List two of the seven criteria listed in your lab manual that are used to name muscles?
direction of fibers, location
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What are the individual contractile units of a muscle cell called?
sarcomeres
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If a muscle contracts against a load that is too heavy for the muscle to lift, what type of contraction is the muscle demonstrating?
isometric contraction
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By steadily increasing the number of motor units that are activated, we produce a steady increase in the force produced by a muscle. This process is called __________________?
recruitment
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A single contraction of a muscle is called a _____________?
twitch
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If we stimulate a muscle, and then stimulate it again immediately after it has been allowed to relax, we observe that the second contraction of the muscle is slightly greater than the first. What do we call this phenomenon?
treppe
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What do we call muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a specific movement?
agonists
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Define "origin" as it applies to skeletal muscles.
immovable attachment site of a muscle
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Name one action of the zygomaticus minor muscle.
elevates corners of mouth
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Name one action of the semimembanosus muscle.
extends thigh
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Name one action of the pectoralis major muscle.
flexes arm
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Name one action of the deltoid muscle.
extends humerus
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Name one insertion of the infraspinatus muscle.
greater tubercle of humerus
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Name one insertion of the gracilis muscle.
tibia
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Name one insertion of the extensor digitorum muscle.
distal phalanges 2-5
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Name one insertion of the vastus medialis muscle.
patella
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Name one origin of the semitendinosus muscle.
ishial tuberosity
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Name one origin of the buccinator muscle.
maxilla
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Name one origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
clavicle
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Name one origin of the tibialis anterior muscle.
tibia
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What neurotransmitter do motor neurons use to stimulate muscle cells?
acetylcholine
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If we increase the frequence of stimulation of a muscle untill we acheive a steady sustained contraction, we will have caused what phenomenon?
tetanus
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A neuron and all of the muscle cells that it stimulates are together called a _________________?
motor unit
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What do we call muscles that aid the action of other muscles by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement?
synergists
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Define "insertion" as it applies to skeletal muscles.
movable attachment site of a muscle
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Name one action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
rotates head
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Name one action of the external oblique muscle.
rotates vertebral column
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Name one action of the supraspinatus muscle.
abduction of humerus
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Name one insertion of the trapezius muscle.
clavicle
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Name one insertion of the zygomaticus major muscle.
corner of mouth
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Name one origin of the masseter muscle.
maxilla
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Name one origin of the external oblique muscle.
ribs 5-12
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Name one origin of the gracilis muscle.
body of pubis
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Name one origin of the flexor carpi radialis muscle.
medial epicondyle of humerus
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If we require a muscle to contract until it starts to run out of ATP, what do we call the state of the muscle at that point?
fatigue
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What do we call the period of time between the application of a stimulus to a muscle and the first observable response or movement of the muscle?
latent period
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What do we call muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement?
antagonists
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Name one action of the infraspinatus muscle.
lateral rotation of humerus
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Name one action of the rectus abdominis muscle.
rotates vertebral column
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Name one action of the brachialis muscle.
flexes forearm
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Name one insertion of the rectus abdominis muscle.
xiphoid process
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Name one insertion of the semimembranosus muscle.
medial condyle of tibia
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Name one insertion of the flexor carpi radialis muscle.
metacarpals 2 and 3
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Name one insertion of the biceps brachii muscle.
radial tuberosity
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Name one origin of the infraspinatus muscle.
infraspinous fossa of scapula
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Name one origin of the trapezius muscle.
occipital bone
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Name one action of the rectus femoris muscle.
extends knee
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Name one action of the triceps brachii muscle.
extends forearm
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Name one action of the flexor carpi radialis muscle.
flexes wrist
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Name one insertion of the external oblique muscle.
iliac crest
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Name one origin of the supraspinatus muscle.
supraspinous fossa of scapula
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Name one origin of the orbicularis oculi muscle.
frontal bone
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Name one origin of the pectoralis major muscle.
sternum
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Name one origin of the biceps brachii muscle.
shoulder joint
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What neurotransmitter do motor neurons use to stimulate muscle cells?
acetylcholine
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Name one action of the extensor digitorum muscle.
extends fingers
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Name one action of the biceps brachii muscle.
flexion of forearm
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Name one insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
mastoid process of temporal bone
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Name one insertion of the pectoralis major muscle.
intertubercular groove of humerus
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Name one origin of the zygomaticus minor muscle.
zygomatic bone
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Name one origin of the brachialis muscle.
humerus
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Name one origin of the extensor digitorum muscle.
lateral epicondyle of humerus
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Name one action of the semitendinosus muscle.
extends thigh
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Name one insertion of the masseter muscle.
ramus of mandible
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Name one insertion of the gracilis muscle.
tibia
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Name one action of the buccinator muscle.
compresses cheek
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Name one insertion of the brachialis muscle.
coronoid process of ulna
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Name one insertion of the semitendinosus muscle.
tibia
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Name one action of the masseter muscle.
closes jaw
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Name one action of the tibialis anterior muscle.
dorsiflexion
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Name one insertion of the triceps brachii muscle
olecranon process of ulna
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Name one insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle.
calcaneus
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Name one origin of the rectus abdominis muscle.
pubic crest
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Name one origin of the vastus medialis muscle.
linea aspera of femur
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What do we call muscles that immobilize the origin of another muscle so that all of the tension is exerted at the insertion?
fixators
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Name one action of the gastrocnemius muscle.
plantar flexion of foot
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If a muscle contracts against a load that it is able to lift, what type of contraction is the muscle demonstrating?
isotonic contraction
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Name one action of the platysma muscle.
depresses mandible
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Name one action of the trapezius muscle.
extend head
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Name one action of the vastus medialis muscle.
extends knee
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Name one origin of the zygomaticus major muscle
zygomatic bone
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Name one origin of the platysma muscle.
fascia of chest
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Name one insertion of the zygomaticus minor muscle.
corner of mouth
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Name one action of the gracilis muscle.
adducts thigh
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Name one insertion of the supraspinatus muscle.
greater tubercle of humerus
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What do we call muscles that immobilize the origin of another muscle so that all of the tension is exerted at the insertion?
fixators
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Name one origin of the semimembranosus muscle.
ishial tuberosity
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Name one origin of the triceps brachii muscle.
humerus
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What do we call muscles that aid the action of other muscles by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement?
synergists
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Name one insertion of the platysma muscle.
mandible
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Name one insertion of the tibialis anterior muscle.
metatarsal 1
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Name one origin of the rectus femoris muscle.
acetabulum
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name one action of the semimembranosus muscle
knee flexion
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name one insertion of the buccinator muscle
orbicularis oris
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name one insertion of the deltoid muscle
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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name one origin of the deltoid muscle
spine of scapula
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name one origin of the gastrocnemius muscle
femur
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name one action of the orbicularis oculi muscle
closes eyelids
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name one insertion of the rectus femoris
patella
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