the vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the 3rd molars.
ramus
the horizontal U-shaped portion of mandible that extends ramus to ramus
body
the portion of the mandible that encases and supports teeth
alveolar process
tiny bumps of bone that serve as attachment sites for the genioglussus and geniohyoid muscles. located on the lingual aspect of the mandible
genial tubercles
on mandibular PA; appear as ring shaped radiopacity below the apices of the mandibular incisors
genial tubercles
a tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible. It is located near the midline and is surrounded by the genial tubercles
lingual foramen
on mandibular PA; appears as a small radiolucent dot located inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors
lingual foramen
tube-like passageways through the bone that contain nerves and blood vessels that supply the teeth. They are most often seen in the anterior mandible, a region that typically has thin bone
nutrient canals
on mandibular PA; vertical radiolucent lines, readily seen in areas of thin bone
nutrient canals
true or false. Nutrient canals may be more prominent in the edentulous mandible.
true
a linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible. It extends from the premolar region to the midline and slopes upward
mental ridge
on mandibular PA; thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region. It often appears superimposed over the mandibular anterior teeth
mental ridge
a scooped-out depressed area of bone located on the external surface of the anterior mandible. It is located above the mental ridge in the mandibular incisor region
mental fossa
on mandibular PA; radiolucent area above the mental ridge
mental fossa
an opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars. Blood vessels and nerves that supply the lower lip exit through this
mental foramen
on mandibular PA; small ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars.
mental foramen
Why is the mental foramen frequently misdiagnosed as a periapical region?
because of its apical location
a linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible. It extends from the molar region downward and forward toward the lower border of the mandibular symphysis. It serves as an attachment site for a muscle of the same name
mylohyoid ridge
on mandibular PA; a dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the molar region. usually appears most prominent in the molar region, and may be superimposed over the roots of the mandibular teeth
mylohyoid ridge
true or false. the mylohyoid ridge may appear to be continuous with the internal oblique ridge
true
a tube-like passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible. It extends from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen and houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels
mandibular canal
on mandibular PA; radiolucent band outlined by 2 thin radiopaque lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal. it appears below or superimposed over the apices of the mandibular molar teeth
mandibular canal
a linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the ramus. It may end in the region of the mandibular 3rd molar, or it may continue on as the mylohyoid ridge
internal oblique ridge
on mandibular PA; a radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the ramus.
internal oblique ridge
When the oblique ridges appear separate, the superior radiopaque band is__________and the inferior radiopaque band is_____________
external oblique ridge
internal oblique ridge
a linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible. The anterior border of the ramus ends here
external oblique ridge
on a mandibular PA; a radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus. It typically ends in the mandibular 3rd molar region
external oblique ridge
a scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge. the submandibular salivary gland is found here
submandibular fossa - or mandibular fossa or submaxillary fossa
on mandibular periapical radiograph: a radiolucent area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge. few bony trabeculae are usually seen in this region. On some it may appear as a distinct radiolucency, others it may be slightly more radiolucent than adjacent bone
submandibular fossa
a marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible. This serves as an attachment site for one of the muslces of mastication
coronoid process
appears on a maxillary molar PA; a triangular radiopacity superimposed over, or inferior to the maxillary tuberosity
coronoid process
What are the tooth structures that can be viewed on a radiograph?
enamel
dentin
dentinoenamel junction
pulp cavity
the densest structure found in the human body. the outermost radiopaque layer of the crown of a tooth
enamel
found beneath the enamel layer of a tooth, and surrounds the pulp cavity. It appears radiopaque and comprises most of the tooth structure. It is not as radiopaque as enamel
dentin
the junction between dentin and enamel of a tooth. it appears as a line where the enamel (very radiopaque) meets the dentin (less radiopaque)
dentinoenamel junction
consists of a pulp chamber and pulp canals. It contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics and appears relatively radiolucent on a dental radiograph
pulp cavity
Why is the pulp cavity larger in children than adults?
because it decreases in size with age because of the formation of secondary dentin
serves as the supporting structure for the teeth of the jaws. it is the bone of the maxilla and mandible that supports and encases the roots of teeth. Composed of dense cortical bone and cancellous bone
Alveolar bone
name the anatomical landmarks of the alveolar bone
lamina dura
alveolar crest
periodontal ligament space
wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of a tooth, made up of dense cortical bone
lamina dura
appears as a dense radiopaque line that surrounds the root of a tooth
lamina dura
the most coronal portion of the alveorlar bone, found between the teeth. It is made up of dense cortical bone and is continous with the lamina dura
alveolar crest
appears radiopaque and is typically located 1.5 to 3 mm below the junction of the crown and root surfaces (the cementoenamel junction)
alveolar crest
the space between the root of the tooth and the lamina dura. it's space contains connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics
periodontal ligament space
a thin radiolucent line around the root of a tooth. In the healthy gums this space appears as a continuous radiolucent line of uniform thickness
periodontal ligament space (PDL space)
Normal alveolar crest located in the anterior region appears_________and ___________between the teeth. The alveolar crest appears as a dense________ line in the anterior regions
pointed
sharp
radiopaque
Normal alveolar crest located in the posterior teeth region appears___________and____________between the teeth. The alveolar crest in the posterior region tend to appear less dense and less_____________than the alveolar crest seen in the anterior region.
