Chemistry Vocab Ch. 4&5

In a ground state, atoms tend to fill in the lowest energy orbitals first; lowest levels first

No 2 electrons in an atom may have the same four quantum numbers; electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins

You can either know the speed or location of a particle, not both. The act of observing one thing changes the other.

In a ground state, atoms tend to put a single electron into each orbital of a sublevel before adding a second electron to that orbital; up arrows before down

Group 1 elements minus hydrogen; most reactive metals

Group 2 elements; second most reactive metals

Elements found in the d-block(f-block sometimes called transistion metals or inner transistion metals) have an incomplete d-sublevel

Group 17 elements; most reactive nonmetals

Group 18 elements; most unreactive elements; have a full outer shell(valence shell) of electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

The length between waves

The rate at which waves pass

Particle of light; quanta of energy

Minimun amount of energy gained or lost by an atom

The state in which the atom has the lowest potential energy

Higher than ground state

Probable location to find electrons in an atom; can hold at most 2 electrons

Amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom

Attraction of an atom to an electron in a compund