PSC 130

Primacy Effect is driven by rehersal. According to the Modal Model because words that are at the beggining of a list have more time to be rehearsed, they are better transfered into long term memory

the Modal model explains that the recency effect reflects words or items that are being kept in STM, therefore people have a better chance to rehearse them

When we place a distracter task between the last item and the recall of the list. we see that the recency effect disapears. When we place a distracter in between each item then we experience the recency effect again.

The slope of the recency effect is determined by the "Ratio Rule" which states that knowing the gap between items and the gap between the test and the list of items will determine the slope.

Temporal Distinctiveness says that we tend to clump items or groups together when we recall, the more time has elapsed since we learned the items

We don't know!!!

predictions for the digit span test failed, the model doesnt differentiate between rehearsal of different forms of information. and STM is neglected in some contexts

Originally baddeley's working meory had three components:

Central executive which was the supervisor of the other two slave systems

The phonological loop: deal with auditory memory and language recognition

Visuospacial sketch pad: It is assumed that this slave system holds information we see and is used for manipulation of spatial and visual information.

The phonological store and the articularoty control process make up the phonological loop

the difference between the modal model and the working memory model is that there is separate rehearsal from each control processs which allows for flexible use of information.

• The Phono. Loop mediates verbal rehearsal and maintanence
• The Visuospacial Sketch pad mediates visual maintenance

The components of the Phonological Loop are the phonological Store (Inner Ear) and the Articulatory Control Process (Inner Voice)

Evidence for the phonological loop is that immediate recall is impaired when items sound alike.

also Articulatory Suppresion which is the verbal memory of people being impaired when asked to do something irrelevant aloud. this stops articulatory rehearsal and phonological loop decay

The word length effect states that the longer a word is, the harder it will be to remember.

Some STM disorders show that patients have no immediate recall but can still access the meaning of words.

Patients like KF have damage in the left perisylvian cortex which could cause disruption in connection between areas that process phonology and areas involved in articulation.

The area in the frontal Brain involved in speech related motor control is called Broca's Area.

Both the Perisylvian cortex and Broca's area show systained activity during those memory delays

Verbal rehearsing involves both posterior areas involved in phonological perception and anterioir areas of the brain involved in articulatory control

The Primacy Effect is driven by rehearsal; items at the beginning of a list are given more time for reheasal and therefor have been transfered from STM into LTM according to the Modal Model

When you plot a functinal serial postion curve you lose the primacy effect

When patients are given a list of numbers to remember (ex. 8 numbers) and if they recall all the numbers, then a second list is give with more numbers (ex. 12 numbers)

Double dissociation is when two mental processes are shown to work or function independently of each other

Patient KF Showed that there is double dissociation between STM and LTM

Baddeley's experiments on patient PV showed that not only were STM and LTM double dissociative but also that there was different types of information that were processed for STM and LTM