CHAPTER 4

apnea,Not breathing.

anoxia,Without oxygen (decrease in tissues).

abnormal,Pertaining to away from the norm (rule); not regular.

abductor,One who (muscle which) leads away from the body. To abduct means to carry away by force; kidnap.

adductor,One who (muscle which) leads toward the body. To admit means to send toward or permit entrance.

adrenal glands,Endocrine glands located above (toward) the kidneys.

anabolism,Process of casting (building) up materials (proteins) within cells.

analysis,To separate (apart).Psychoanalysis is a psychiatric treatment that explores the mind. Urinalysis (urin/o + (an)alysis) is laboratory examination of urine to aid in diagnosis.

anti cibum,Before meals.

anteflexion,Bending forward.

antepartum,Before birth.

antisepsis,Condition against infection.

antibiotic,Pertaining to against life (germ life).

antigen,A substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of antibodies.

antibody,Protein substance made in the body to destroy foreign antigens.

antitoxin,A substance (antibody) produced in response to and capable of neutralizing a toxin (such as those causing diphtheria or tetanus). Antivenin contains antitoxin specific for an animal or insect venom.

autoimmune disease,A condition related to making antibodies (immune substances) against one�s own (auto-) cells and tissues.

bifurcation,Forking (branching) into two; as the trachea bifurcates into two individual tubes.

bilateral,Pertaining to two sides.

bradycardia,Condition of slow heart beat.

catabolism,Process of casting down materials (sugar) to release energy in cells.

congenital anomaly,Irregularity at birth.

connective,To tie (bind) together. A conference (fer-means to carry or bring) is where people gather together or meet.

contraindication,To point out against; as reasons why a drug should not be taken.

contralateral,Pertaining to the opposite side.

dehydration,Condition of lack of water.

diameter,To measure through; as the diameter of a circle.

diarrhea,To flow through; water is not properly absorbed through the walls of the colon.

dialysis,Complete separation; two types are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

dyspnea,Difficult breathing.

dysplasia,Abnormal (�bad�) development or formation.

ectopic pregnancy,Pregnancy out of the normal place (usually in the fallopian tubes).

endocardium,Inner lining (membrane) of the heart.

endoscope,Instrument to view within the body; gastroscope, bronchoscope,laparoscope.

endotracheal,Pertaining to within the trachea.

epithelium,Skin cell; literally, �upon a nipple.�

euphoria,Good feeling, �high.� A eulogy is a speech saying good things about a person after his/her death.

euthyroid,Normal thyroid function.

exophthalmos,Eyeballs that protrude.

hemiglossectomy,Removal of half the tongue.

hyperglycemia,Increase in blood sugar.

hyperplasia,Condition of increased formation (increase in number of cells).

hypertrophy,Increase in development; increase in size of cells.

hypodermic injection,Use of a needle and syringe to force liquid under the skin.

hypoglycemia,Decrease in blood sugar.

insomniac,Pertaining to inability to sleep.

incision,Process of cutting into; sectioning.

infracostal,Pertaining to below ribs.

intercostal,Pertaining to between the ribs.

intravenous,Pertaining to within a vein.

macrocephaly,Pertaining to an enlarged head. A congenital anomaly.

malignant,Harmful, bad; cancerous condition.

malaise,Feeling of discomfort; bad feeling

metacarpal bones,Five hand bones (beyond the wrist).

metamorphosis,Condition of change of shape or form. A worm-like larva undergoes a change in shape to become a butterfly. This is an example of metamorphosis.

metastasis,Beyond control; spreading of a cancerous tumor.

microscope,Instrument to view small objects.

neonatal,Pertaining to a newborn (infant).

neoplasm,New growth; new formation (tumor).

pancytopenia,Condition of decrease in all cells (blood cells).

paralysis,Abnormal destruction (of nerves) leading to loss of muscle function.