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what are the differences between Prehistoric and Historic history/
- prehistoric- no written records, fossils and artifacts, relative dates
- historic- written records, absolute dates
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Paleolithic period
hunter gatherers, nomads
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neolithic period
farming, domesticated animals, settlements
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5 things paleolithic people needed to survive
- 1.hunt/gather - food
- 2.shelters - caves
- 3.tools - stone
- 4.warmth/light- fire
- 5.communication- cave art
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why is the shift from gathering food to farming one of the greatest accomplishments of mankind?
- -people can live in a permanent place
- -develop culture
- -permanent food supply
- -domestication of animals
- -surplus led to more leisure time to develop tools
- -gave people jobs
- -gradually trading develops
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4 river valleys where civilization begins
- 1. tigris and euphrates (modern day Iraq)
- 2. nile river (egypt)
- 3. indus river (india)
- 4. yellow river (china)
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what seas border the fertile crescent?
- west- Mediterranean
- east- Persian gulf
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what mountains border the fertile crescent?
- west- taurus mountains
- east- zagros mountains
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what rivers are in the fertile crescent?
tigris and euphrates
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what does mesopotamia mean?
"the land between the rivers"
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five key components of civilization
- 1. city life
- 2. advanced technology
- 3. specialized workers
- 4. record keeping
- 5. complex institutions
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ziggurat
sumerian temple, center of trade, caused war among the city/states because they all prayed to their own gods
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cuneiform
the form of writing in sumer
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scribes
people who wrote down records in cuneiform, wrote with stylus
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dynasty
a ruling family of more than one generation
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sargon of akkad
- conquers sumer. empire lasts 100 years
- conquered by hammurabi
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empire
group of nations that is ruled by one leader
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hammurabi
- created the first Babylonian empire
- conquered sargon of akkad
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hammurabis code of law
- first written law code
- example of a complex institution
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social classes
- 1. wealthy freemen
- 2. freemen
- 3. slaves
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what is the differences between the american law system and the babylonian law system?
- american laws- doesnt cause damage to body, no monetary compensation
- babylonian laws- an eye for an eye, monetary compensation
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what is the similarities between the american law system and the babylonian law system?
both dont allow false accusations and both require proof
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what are the differences between the Torah and Hammurabis code of law?
- Torah- G-d made, religious sins, values life
- Hammurabis code of law- man made, king is above the law, doesnt value life as much (ex. a man can lose his life for just damaging property
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what nation started the Iron age?
Hittites
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Phoenicia
- -great sailors
- -founded the city/state of carthage
- -created an alphabet that was sound based opposed to cuneiform which had a different symbol for every word
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people who made the purple dye
fullers
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phonecias main cities
tyre, sidon, byblos
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phonecias resources
- cedar wood for boats
- purple dye
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do the phoenicians qualify as a civilization?
- 1.record keeping- alphabet
- 2.complex institutions- Monarchy gov., polytheism(Ba'al),
- 3.advanced technology- cedar wood boats, fullery, rowers and sails
- 4.city life- traded dye and oils by boat
- 5.specialized workers- sea traders, lumbermen, fishers, fullers
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Minoans
- - traded with greece and asia minor
- - peace loving people
- - writing systems- linear A and linear B- michael ventris diciphered linear A but couldnt dicipher linear B
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how were the minoans destroyed?
- theory 1- volcano erupted and caused tidal wave over them
- theory 2- destroyed in war by Mycenaeans
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Palace of Knossos
- fresco of dolphins in queens palace
- red columns
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absolute monarchy
leader has complete control over the people (dictatorship)
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constitutional monarchy
leader is bound by a set of laws
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covenant between G-d and bnei yisrael
G-d will protect us if we follow in his ways
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how does the journey in the desert change bnei yisrael?
- -enter as slaves and exit as a nation
- -learn about G-d's power
- -we receive the 10 commandments
- -learn compassion for others
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how does our religion differ from the neighbors?
we are monotheistic
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why is Moshe an important figure in Jewish histroy?
- -first leader
- -took us out of Egypt through the desert
- -most moral and humble human being in history
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restrictions on king for bnei yisrael
- has to be jewish
- cant have too much money, horses, and wives
- has to write a copy of the Torah
- has to follow the Torah
- he is not above the law
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assyrian war strategies
- dug tunnels under the walls of the city
- shot waves of arrows over the walls
- battering rams
- ladders over the walls
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king ashurbanipal
built library with thousands of cuneiforms
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sancherib
destroys kingdom of israel in the year 722 BCE
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722 BCE
kingdom of Israel destroyed and the Jews are exiled
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586 BCE
first beit hamikdash is destroyed by nebuchadnezzar
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accomplishments of king david
- captures jerusalem from the yevusim
- defeats the plishtim
- brings the ark to Jerusalem
- taxation system
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solomons building projects
- first beit hamikdash
- palace for him and his wives
- wall around the city
- stables for horses
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nebuchadnezzar
- destryed first beit hamikdash
- "hanging gardens"
- Ishtar gate
- expansionist
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7 wonders of the world
- 1. Hanging gardens of Babylon
- 2. Lighthouse of Pharos
- 3. Colossus of Phodes
- 4. Pyramids of Giza
- 5. Statue of Zues
- 6. Temple of Artemis
- 7. Mausoleum
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astrology
attempts to predict the future using the movement of constellations
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astronomy
the study of the stars and planets based on mathematical relationships
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foreign policy(2)
- 1. expansionism- to increase your land holdings
- 2. isolationism- to stay out of the business of other nations
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exiles(2)
- 1.physical exile
- 2.spiritual exile
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who defeats the Babylonians
the Persians
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