-
If people perceive that
others support their opinions they will choose to do what?
Express their opinions
-
If people perceive that
others do not support, or others disagree with, their opinions they will choose
to do what?
They remain silent
-
People’s beliefs in their capabilities to achieve outcomes
through the successful execution of behaviors.
Self-efficacy
-
Self-efficacy how might it impact one’s
willingness to publicly speak out about controversial issues?
- People with High self-efficacy will speak out and those with
- low self efficacy are less likely to speak because they feel that speaking out
- will not change the status quo.
-
is the fear and anxiety associated with real or anticipated
communication with others
Communication apprehension
-
Communication apprehension
Communication apprehension
how might it impact one’s
willingness to publicly speak out about controversial issues?
- It may cause the individual
- not to speak out depending on how much they feel this apprehension.
-
Community engagement being
involved in ones community Civic participation can be broadly defined as
membership in formal, non-profit organizations. Such organizations include educational service groups (e.g.,
like PTAs), recreational groups, work-related groups (e.g., labor unions and
professional organizations), religious groups (in addition to churches), youth
groups, service clubs, neighborhood groups, and charitable organizations
civic participation
-
According to Putnam, the
last several decades have witnessed a serious deterioration of what?
Community involvement
-
Is the process of
exerting positive influence over other group members
leadership
-
Is predominantly autocratic the leader makes all the decisions for the group.
- authoritarian leadership
- style
-
Is a nondirective style of leadership in which the leader
exercises a hands-off approach it influence.
- Laissez-faire leadership
- style
-
Allows members to
participate fully in the decision making process
democratic leadership style
-
-
Is the ability to influence and motivate others.
-
power
-
-
when leaders can discipline demote or dismiss group
members.
-
- coercive power (punishment
- power)
-
-
The leader gives group members something that they
value. Ex promotions, convenient work schedule
reward power
-
-
Resides in a job , position, or assignment rather than
in a person. Ex supervisors have authority over their workers.
legitimate power
-
-
Is assigned to someone who has demonstrated a particular
skill or special knowledge ( doctor)
-
expert power
-
Is role model power – the
ability to influence that arises when one perso admires another .
referent power
-
Social collectives, or groups
of people, in which activities are coordinated to achieve both individual and
collective goals (
An organization
-
the way which groups of people both maintain structure and
order through their symbolic interactions and allow individual actors the
freedom to accomplish their goals.
- Organizational
- communication
-
Organizations that manufacture products and /or offer
services.
examples of organizations with an economic
orientation
economic orientation
-
generate and distribute power and control within society
examples of organizations with a political
orientation
Political orientation-organizations
-
organizations that help to
mediate and resolve discord among member of society
Integration orientation
-
organizations that promote
cultural and educational regularity and development with in society
- Pattern-maintenance
- orientation
-
patterns of relationships
through which information flows in an organizations
Communication networks
-
messages that follow
prescribed channels of communication throughout the organization
Formal communication
-
messages flowing from
superiors to subordinates
Downward communication
-
Messages flowing from subordinates
to superiors
Upward communication
-
messages between members of an organization with equal power
Informal communication
Horizontal communication
-
is the process of influencing other peoples attitudes ,
beliefs , values, or behaviors
Persuasion
-
What are the 2 general
types of persuasion
-
refers to ones willingness
to accept information’s obtained from another as evidence.
Informational
-
-
social influences occurs when one conforms to be liked
or accepted by the members of the group
Normative
-
the tendency to respond favorably or unfavorably to
something
Attitude
-
– something that is accepted as true or false although it
hasn’t been or cant be proved
Belief
-
a deeply held concept about what is good right and important
with regard to conduct and existence.
Value
-
defined as a small movement
in the direction of the ultimate goal
Incremental change
-
- According
to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, persuasive messages can be processed
through 2 routes, what are these routes?
-
very
little effort and motivation, this results in the reinforcement of existing
attitudes, leaving very little, if no room for attitudinal and behavioral
change.
Peripheral
-
much effort and motivation for elaboration, this results in a careful
consideration of the new information contained in the message, eventually
leading to long-term attitudinal and behavioral change
Central
-
is
the choice of behaviors that are socially acceptable and favored by a majority
of group members.
conformity
-
the deterioration of group effectiveness that can result from in-group
pressure
groupthink
-
5 Steps for Monroe's Motivation
Sequence:
- Attention: Need:
- Satisfaction: Visualization:
- Action:
-
Rhetorical
Appeals:
- Ethos:
- Credibility:
- Pathos:
- Logos:
-
-people are more
likely to believe a message when the source is credible
-credibility
of a source of determined by two components:
-perceived
expertise
-trustworthiness
-credibility
can be increased by increasing attractiveness
Credibility:
-
-appeals to
emotions
-Types:
-positive:
happiness, hope (Barack Obama's "hope" campaign)
-negative:
fear, guilt: to persuade people by scaring them
Pathos:
-
-logical appeals
-providing
good arguments and solid evidence
Logos:
-
-establishing
credibility; identifying with your audience; showing goodwill
-emphasizing
with audience’s
Ethos:
-
-catch your
audience's attention
-shock your
audience
Attention:
-
shows that
there's a problem with the status quo
-you want to
focus on identifying the measurable outcomes that result from your
problem
-how does the
problem lead to outcomes in one's physical or emotional well-being,
financial
Need:
-
-provide a
solution to the problem
-to reduce the
aforementioned problems, you should do what?
Satisfaction:
-
-showing the
positive benefits that will result from adopting your solution
-if you adopt
this solution you can expect these beneifits
-show the
negative consequences that will result if your solution is not
adopted
-if you do not
adopt this solution you can expect these negative consequences
Visulization:
-
-tell your
audience the practical things they need to do to adopt your solution
Action:
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