Anthropology 2 Exam 2

A post-marriage residence rule that requires the bride and groom to set up an independent household away from both sets of parents.

• Patrilineal - A unilineal descent group passed on through males and traced to a common male ancestor.
• Matrilineal - A unilineal descent group passed on through females and traced to a common female ancestor.
• Ambilineal - A unilineal descent system in which some members of the society acquire and pass on descent affiliation through females, whereas others do so through males.
• Bilateral - Descent that is traced equally through both mother and father.

Hunter/Gatherer, horticulture, nomadic herding, agriculture

• Foraging - A food-procurement strategy that involves collecting wild plant and animal foods.
• Agriculture - A subsistence strategy based on intensive, continuous use of land for the production of plant foods. Uses cultivation of soils, fertilizers, or irrigation.
• Horticulture - A food-procurement strategy based on crop production without soil preparation, fertilizers, irrigation, or use of draft animals.
• Pastoralism - A food producing strategy based on herding.
• Transhumance - A variety of pastoralism in which herds are moved seasonally.

When a couple maintained permanent Residence with the wife's family, with the children subsequently linked to that family.

Polygyny is one man multiple wives. Advantages are: more wives = more workers, more wives = more children, more children = more potential workers. A man can also gain prestige from having multiple wives.

Ethnography of a culture that is alive today

A fermented beverage made of water and honey, malt, and yeast

Outsider perspective

Insider perspective

Members of a society having equal access to status, power, and wealth within the same category such as age or gender.

The maximum population that a habitat can sustain

A form of marriage finance in which valuable gifts are given by the bride's kin to the groom's kin.

A form of marriage finance in which valuable gifts are given by the groom's kin to the bride's kin.

Institutionalized gift giving and exchange between close kin; accounts are not kept, and there is no expectation of immediate return.

The Eskimo System

• Pros - less pollution and soil erosion, better nutrition results
• Cons - less profit to producers and higher costs to customers

A status position that is earned through an individual's skills, actions, and accomplishments

The status a person is given at birth and over which that person has no control

A group consisting of a married couple and their children

A form of marriage in which one woman is married to one man

Marriage of one woman to 2 or more men

Marriage of one man to 2 or more women

Removal of the foreskin of the clitoris

Marriage to 2 or more men by a woman

Bilateral descent in which relatives calculate their degree of relationship to Ego

A group of people who share identity and come from a common ancestor

Mythical or symbolic ancestor of a clan

The person from whose point of view kinship relations are referenced

Kin related by blood

Kin related by marriage

Chromosomal pair - 23 chromosomes from each parent

After marriage the bride and groom live with or near the bride's mother

Acorns

Masculine and feminine roles and the qualities assigned to these roles

The knowledge, tools, and skills used by humans to manipulate their environments

A descent group consisting of two or more lineages that trace their origin to a mythical ancestor

A unilineal descent group that traces its consanguineal relatives back to a common ancestor

After marriage the bride and groom live with or near the groom's father

The manner of dividing work based on criteria such as age or gender

The tasks and behaviors assigned by a culture to each sex

Heterosexual, Bisexual, Homosexual

Exchange and gift giving with the expectation of a return of equal value within a reasonable period of time

A marriage custom in which a widow marries her deceased husband's brother

A marriage custom in which a widower marries a sister of his deceased wife

A cultural rule that dictates that one must marry outside of a designated group

A cultural rule that dictates that one must marry within a designated group

Don't fit in with either male or female