-
metabolic syndrome
hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, 3X risk for heart disease, 24X risk for diabetes
-
direct-acting vasodilators
- act directly on arteriolar smooth muscle -->dilation & rapid decrease in BP
- Nipride (nitroprusside)-used for really high BP
- IV bag wrapped (photosensitive)
- metabolized as cyanide
-
adrenergic drugs
- centrally acting
- stiumlate alpha2 receptors in CNS to decrease SNS activity in periphery, decrease heart force, decrease vasoconstriction, decrease renin, decrease BP
- Catapres-patch 7 days
-
peripherally acting neuron blockers
inhibit release of NE to decrease BP
-
alpha 1 blockers
- arteriole and venous vasodilation
- decrease BP
- "zosin" family
- SE: significant orthostatic hypotension w/ first dose
-
beta blockers
- decrease SNS stimulation
- decrease contractility
- decrease tachycardia
-
calcium channel blockers
- vasodilation -- amlodipine (Norvasc)
- peripheral edema
-
angiotensin
renin-release of angiotensin I-->angiotensin II through angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin II is powerful vasoconstrictor that ^ BP
-
ACE inhibitors
- block conversion to decrease angiotensin II
- ARBs (angiotensin receptor blocker): block action of angiotensin II
- diuretic 1st, ACE inhibitors 2nd *for hypertension*
-
ACE inhibitors
- "pril" family
- SE: DRY COUGH!
- angioedema: edema in small blood vessels-->airway obstruction
- hyperkalemia
- less effective in lowering BP in black pts
-
Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
- "sartan" family
- DOESN'T cause cough associated w/ ACEI for most ppl
-
selective aldosterone receptor blockers
- Potassium sparing diuretic
- Na and water excretion reduces volume which reduces BP
- SE: hyperkalemia
- drug: Aldactone
-
Thiazide & thiazide-like diuretics
- mostly used to treat ^BP bc it's very cheap!
- recommended 1st line to treat HTN
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