where are the most selective pores in the filtration membrane located?
podocytes
how does the urinary system regulate blood volume and pressure?
adjusting volume of water lost in urine
release erythropoietin
release renin
afferent artery
afferent arteriole
If the renal medulla is damaged what would be interrupted first?
the function of collecting ducts
afferent arteriole
afferent arteriole
if the glomerulus is obstructed what is affected?
flow of blood into the efferent arteriole
what structure produces urine?
kidney
in order for a substance to pass through filtration membrane what size must it be?
smaller then albumin
if the substance is larger then albumin can it pass through filtration membrane?
NO
What is net glomerular filtration pressure?
If you measure function of nephron and get: 1) glomerular pressure 69 mm HG 2) capsular space is 15 mm HG. 3) plasma osmotic pressure 30 mm HG
and no plasma protien filtered by glomerulus
69 -15 - 30 = 24 mm HG
what happens to sodium and chloride ions in loop of Henle?
active transported out of ascending limb
arcuate artery
arcuate artery
arcuate artery
arcuate vein
arcuate vein
what is required to maintain solute concentration gradient in renal medulla?
active transport of sodium and chloride ion from ascending limb of loop of Henle
what is result of sympathetic stimulation of kidney?
produce vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
release renin
produce renal ischemia
what carries urine to urinary bladder from kidneys?
ureters
which is GREATER? concentration of solute in the filtrate at beginning of loop of Henle or at bottom of descending limb of loop of Henle?
It is greater---> at bottom of descending limb of loop of Henle
ascending limb of loop of Henle
ascending limb of loop of Henle
what does antidiuretic hormone do in relation to water and collecting duct?
increase permeability of collecting duct to water
what is responsible for process of filtration?
blood hydrostatic pressure
if a high specific gravity of urine, what color will urine be?
dark in color
organs part of urinary system?
kidney
urinary bladder
ureter
urethra
if there is a reduction of blood flow to kidney, what will happen?
aldosterone secretion INCREASES
basement membrane
bladder lamina propria
bladder lamina propria
The ability to form concentrated urine depends on what structure functioning?
loop of Henle
if plasma osmolarity is high then what happens to permeability relationship of water and collecting ducts?
increase plasma osmolarity = increase permeability of membrane of renal collecting duct to water
Kidney location
retroperitoneal
held in place by renal fascia
surrounded by renal capsule
surrounded by thick layer of adipose tissue
Is the glomerular hydrostatic pressure significantly lower than the pressure in the rest of the systemic circuit?
no
bladder transitional epithelium
bladder transitional epithelium
Bowman's Capsule
Bowman's Capsule
What transport is involved in tubular reabsorption?
active transport
faciliated diffusion
cotransport
countertransport
The fluid in Bowman's capsule is similar to plasma except for what?
fluid in Bowman's capsule does not contain significant amounts of plasma protien
Define hilus location?
prominent indentation on medial surface of kidney
What is the prominent indentation on medial surface of kidney?
hilus
If hydrostatic pressure is increased above norm, what happens?
net filtration decreases
what makes up the renal corpuscle?
Bowman's capsule
Glomerulus
What process reabsorbs HIGH concentrations of glucose and amino acid high in filtrate?
faciliated diffusion
what is the renal sinus?
internal cavity lined by fibrous capsule that is located in area of hilus
nephron
functional and strucural unit of kidney
structural differences between urethra of male and female?
male urethera 20 cm long
female 3-4 cm long
what process reabsorbs LOW concentration of glucose adn amino acids in filtrate?
cotransport
capsular space
capsular space
capsular space
capsular space
capsular space
capsular space
what is the outermost layer of kidney tissue?
renal cortex
list nephron regions in correct order of fluid flow?
glomerular capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule
what is the role of "countercurrent multiplication" in kidney?
it is to produce concentration gradient to allow nephron to produce hyptonic filtrate