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FETAL ULTRASOUND 1
- Oligohydramnios (<5 cm in 3rd Trimester)
- DRIPP-C
- Demise (Look for Cardiac Activity)
- Bilateral Renal Abnormalities (Agenesis, IPCKD, MCDK)
- IUGR
- Premature Rupture of Membranes
- Post Dates
- Chromosomal Abnormalities
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Polyhydramnios (>20 cm in 3rd Trimester)
- Idiopathic (40-60%)
- Maternal (Diabetes or HTN)
- Fetal (Proximal GI Obstruction, Chest Masses, CNS Lesions, Facial Clefts, Facial Tumors, Twin-Twin Transfusion, Non-Immune Hydrops)
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Absent Fetal Bladder
- Bilateral Renal Agenesis
- Bilateral Multicystic Dysplastic Kidneys
- Bilateral UPJ Obstruction
- Infantile Polycystic Kidney Dz
- Bladder Exstrophy
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Dilated Bladder
- Posterior Urethral Valves
- Prune Belly Syndrome
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In Utero Hydronephrosis
- (Pelvis >5 mm before 28 weeks, >10 mm after 28 weeks)
- UPJ Obstruction
- UVJ Obstruction
- Vesicoureteral Reflux
- Posterior Urethral Valves (Bilateral)
- Renal Duplication
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Sacral Abnormalities
- Teratoma
- Anterior or Posterior Meningocele
- Caudal Regression Syndrome (Sacral Agenesis)
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�Water� in the Brain
- Hydrocephalus (See Below)
- Holoprosencephaly (ALOBAR = Monoventricle; Absent Septum Pellucidum, Corpus Callosum and Falx; Fusion of Brain; Proboscis; *Midline Facial Cleft. Less Severe Forms = SEMILOBAR, and LOBAR)
- Hydranencephaly (Falx Present, Head Almost Entirely Filled with Fluid)
- Choroid Plexus Cyst (Associated with Trisomy 18)
- Porencephaly
- Vein of Galen Aneurysm
- POSTERIOR FOSSA:
- Dandy Walker (Split Cerebellar Vermis)
- Arachnoid Cyst
- Mega Cisterna Magna
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%of facial clefts leteral?
* >99% of Facial Clefts are Lateral
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Hydrocephalus
- Chiari II (90%)(Banana/ Lemon Sign, Myelomeningocele)
- Aqueductal Stenosis (4%)
- Associated with Dandy Walker (4%)
- Communicating Hydrocephalus (Hemorrhage, Infection)
- Colpocephaly associated with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
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Neural Tube Defects
- Spina Bifida (Occult, Meningocele, Meningomyelocele)
- Anencephaly
- Encephalocele
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�Water� Outside the Brain/ Neck
- Encephalocele
- Cystic Hygroma (Assoc. with Non-Immune Hydrops and ChromosomalAbnormalities such as Turner�s, Noonan�s, Down�s and Trisomy 18)
- Teratoma
- Hemangioma
- Thyroglossal Duct and Branchial Cleft Cysts
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PREMATURE INFANT Grades of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage
- < 32 Weeks, < 1500 Grams
- 1. Subependymal Hemorrhage
- 2. Intraventricular Hemorrhage without Ventricular Dilatation
- 3. Intraventricular Hemorrhage with Ventricular Dilatation
- 4. Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage
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Sonography of the Fetal Abdomen (4 Q�s)
- 1. IS THE ABDOMINAL SITUS CORRECT
- 2. IS A FLUID FILLED STOMACH PRESENT
- 3. ARE THERE ANY CYSTC OR SOLID ABDOMINAL MASSES
- 4. IS THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL INTACT
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Absent Stomach Bubble
- Oligohydramnios
- Swallowing Abnormality (CNS Defect)
- Esophageal Atresia
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
- Situs Abnormality
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Cystic Abdominal Masses
- Bowel Obstruction (Duodenal Atresia, Annular Pancreas, Volvulus)
- Renal Abnormalities (Hydronephrosis, MCDC)
- Cysts (Mesenteric, Urachal, Duplication, Ovarian, Choledochal)
- Liver Masses (Hemangioma, Hemangioendothelioma)
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Calcification in the Abdomen (Echogenic)
- Meconium Peritonitis
- Calcified Mass (Neuroblastoma, Teratoma, TORCH Infection in Liver)
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