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Organization
a group of two or more people working together to achieve a common set of goals
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Organization Chart
a diagram that represents the positions and relationships within an organization
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Chain of Command
the line of authority that extends from the highest to the lowest levels of an organization
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Job Specialization
the separation of all organizational activities into distinct tasks and the assignment of different tasks to different people
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Job Rotation
the systematic shifting of employees from one job to another
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Departmentalization
the process of grouping jobs into manageable units
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Departmentalization by Function
grouping jobs that relate to the same organizational activity
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Departmentalization by Product
grouping activities related to a particular product or service
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Departmentalization by Location
grouping activities according to the defined geographic area in which they are performed
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Departmentalization by Customer
grouping activities according to the needs of various customer populations
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Delegation
assigning part of a manager's work and power to other workers
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Responsibility
the duty to do a job or perform a task
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Authority
the power, within an organization, to accomplish an assigned job or task
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Accountability
the obligation of a worker to accomplish an assigned job or task
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Decentralized Organization
an organization in which management consciously attempts to spread authority widely in the lower levels of the organization
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Centralized Organization
an organization that systematically works to concentrate authority at the upper levels of the organization
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Span of Management (or span of control)
the number of workers who report directly to one manager
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Organizational Height
the number of layers, or levels, of management in a firm
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Line Management Position
a part of the chain of command; it is a position in which a person makes decisions and gives orders to subordinates to achieve the goals of the organization
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Staff Management Position
a position created to provide support, advice, and expertise within an organization
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Bureaucratic Structure
a management system based on a formal framework of authority that is outlined carefully and followed precisely
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Matrix Structure
an organizational structure that combines vertical and horizontal lines of authoirty, usually by superimposing product departmentalization on a functionally departmentalized organization
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Cross-Functional Team
a team of individuals with varying specialties, expertise, and skills that are brought together to achieve a common task
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Cluster Structure
an organization that consists primarily of teams with no or very few underlying departments
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Network Structure
an organization in which administration is the primary function, and most other functions are contracted out to other firms
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Corporate Culture
the inner rites, rituals, heroes, and values of a firm
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Intrapreneur
an employee who pushes an innovative idea, product, or process through an organization
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Ad Hoc Committee
a committee created for a specific short-term purpose
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Standing Committee
a relatively permanent committee charged with performing some recurring task
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Task Force
a committee established to investigate a major problem or pending decision
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Managerial Hierarchy
the arrangement that provides increasing authority at higher levels of management
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Informal Organization
the pattern of behavior and interaction that stems from personal rather than official relationships
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Informal Group
a group created by the members themselves to accomplish goals that may or may not be relevant to an organization
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Grapevine
the informal communications network within an organization
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