release of norepinephrine by the sympathetic nervous system causes (3)
inc HR
inc in force of contraction
improved cardiac output
myocardial fibers are stretched by increasing end-diastolic ventricular pressure and volume, the fibers contract w/ greater response. (rubber band response)
frank-starling respose
in a pt w/ severe heart failure, ejection fraction may fall to as low as
20%
how much ventricular volume is being ejected during a contraction of the vetricles
70%
which results in more dramatic symptoms? left or right failure?
left/chf
normal range of pulm artery pressure
25/10
5 types of causes of cor pulmonale
massive pulm embolism
ards
copd
pulm hypertension
bilateral pneumothoraces
term is used to described right heart enlargement, also pumps against pulm arteries
cor pulmonale
6 risk factors of CHF
smoking
diabetes
hypertension
obesity
high fat diet
fam hist/heart disease
results in pulm edem (fluid in the lungs is usually CHF or COR PUL?)
CHF
CHF is which side of the heart
left
define heart failure
hearts inability to pump adequate amounts of blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body