Cardiopulmonary Phys

Cessation of breathing

Disordered or irregular breathing

Labored or difficult breathing

Rapid breathing - _{^{(greater than 20 breaths per minute)}}

Normal breathing

An abnormal blue coloration caused by increased amount of deoxygenated blood

Open - (airway or blood vessel)

Decreased arterial oxygen partial pressure

Decreased tissue oxygen partial pressure

Increased ventilation with exercise

Increased ventilation without increased peripheral metabolism

Increased arterial CO₂ partial pressure

Decreased arterial CO₂ partial pressure

Direct relationship between gas pressure & temperature (with volume held constant)

The volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure. (with pressure held constant)

The volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure (with temperature held constant)

• The volume of a gas varies directly with its water vapor content
• 47 mm Hg is the water vapor pressure in normal lungs (constant)

PV=nRT --> V=nRT/P

• 1.Nose & mouth
• 2.Nasopharynx
• 3.Epiglottis
• 4.Larynx
• 5.Trachea

• 1.Trachea
• 2.Left & right bronchi
• 3.Lobar bronchi
• 4.Segmental bronchi
• 5.Bronchioles
• 6.Terminal bronchioles

• 1.Respiratory bronchioles
• 2.Alveolar ducts
• 3.Alveolar sacs

• Heart
• Vascular smooth muscle (arterioles & veins)
• Kidneys
• Bone Marrow

• Cardiac center
• -Cardiostimulatory center
• ~Activate Sympathetic/deactivate parasympathetic nerves

• -Cardioinhibitory center
• ~Deactivate Sympathetic/ activate parasympathetic nerves

-Vasomotor center – collection of neurons that specialize in activating vascular smooth muscle, which are innervated by sympathetic nerves

• Continuous
• Discontinuous
• Fenestrated

• Muscles
• Lungs
• Fat

• Liver
• Bone
• Spleen

• Kidneys
• Intestines

means cell drinking. Pieces of the plasmalemma pinches off and captures substances. Relatively large lipid-insoluble material

primary way stuff is moved across the capillary. Function of chemical gradient

movement of plasma or water and whatever is dissolved or suspended in that substance (movement of fluid from outside to inside the capillary)

• Concentration gradient (high concentration to lower concentration)
• Surface area
• Permeability

• Aortic pressure
• Myocyte metabolismExtrava
• scular compression
• Neural and neurohumoral factors
• Viscosity of blood

reduced oxygen in systemic arterial blood

reduced oxygen in tissues

complete lack of oxygen

significant coronary occlusion where the metabolism slows down in an attempt to preserve itself (reversible)

effect of nitrates on coronary blood flow – vasodilating coronary arteries (and veins) to such an extent that you dilate all the other arteries thereby reducing blood flow – reduces preload and afterload which reduces the work done by the heart

chest pain

heart is reversibly damaged

reduced blood flow