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physical examination technique consisting of a systematic inspection of the oral structures
oral examination
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the oral examination allows the clinician to gather general information on the health of a patient, note _____ indications of some _______, and detect _______ and potentially ______ _____ malignancies at an _____ stage.
- early
- disease
- abnormalities
- life threatening
- early
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when detect at the earliest stages, oral cancer has a ____% survival rate
80
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oral cancers is the ______ deadliest cancer in the united states
sixth
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the ______ is the most common site for oral cancer
tongue
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leukoplakia-______ lesions
white
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erythroplakia-______ lesion
red
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______ is less common than _______ but with greater potential for becoming cancerous
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what are some signs and symptoms the patient may report?
- soreness
- lump
- numbness in tongue or other area
- feeling something is caught in throat
- difficulty chewing or swallowing
- ear pain
- difficulty moving jaw or tongue
- swelling in the jaw
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white or red lesions should be reevaluated in ___ weeks
2
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any white or red lesion that does not resolve itself in ____ weeks should be _____ to obtain a definitive diagnosis
-
what are the three pairs of glands that produce saliva?
- parotid glands
- submandibular glands
- sublingual glands
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the ______ gland is the larges of the salivary glands
parotid
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where does the parotid glad open in the oral cavity?
opposite the maxillary first molar
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where does the submandibular gland open into the oral cavity?
floor of mouth into the sublingual caruncles
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where does the sublingual gland open into the oral cavity?
- sublingual caruncle (same as submandibular)
- also open along fold of tissue beneath the tongue (sublingual fold)
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what are the normal findings of the lips and vermillion border?
- at rest the lips normally touch
- the surface of lips is smooth and intact with normal color and texture
- the vermillion border is even and not raised
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what are the normal findings of the mucosal surfaces?
- smooth intact and coral pink to bluish brown in color
- no lesions
- minor salivary glands in the lips feel like small beads when palpated
- intact frenum on maxillary and mandibular arches
- normal variations: fordyce's grandules
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what are the normal findings of the lips and cheeks?
- firm tissue
- moist tissue
- intact tissue
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what are the normal findings for the floor of the mouth?
- sublingual fenulum
- sublingual caruncles on either side of frenulum
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what is the normal findings of the salivary gland function
normal flow of saliva
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what are the normal findings of the tongue?
- moist pink may have frecklelike pigmentation
- papillae present
- symmetrical appearance
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what are the normal findings of the ventral surface of the tongue?
lingual veins are distinct, raised linear structures on ventral surface of the tongue; enlarged vessels relating to aging may result in lingual varicosities
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what are the normal findings of the dorsal surface of the tongue?
median groove, filiform, fungiform, cirumvallate papillae; network of grooves may be pronounced with advancing age
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what are the normal findings of the lateral surface of the tongue?
foliate papillae; scalloped outline from being pressed into embrasure spaces
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what are the normal findings of the palate, tonsils and oropharynx?
- hard palate: mucosa is firmly attached to the bone; pale pink in color with a bluish hue to brown; palatine raphae and rugae; firm when palpated; common variation is palatine torus
- soft palate: spongy in texture; firm but flexible; symmetrical elevation
- tonsils: large in childhood, small or absent in adults
- uvula: at midline
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