social science people

Historian; described the G.I. Bill’s expansion of suburbs

Brain trust member who criticized big business

Current chair of the Federal Reserve Board; demonstrated that bank failures harm small businesses by reducing the amount of available credit

Economic historian who argues that the Great Depression occurred because new technology revolutionized the economy

Economist who proved that federal spending surpassed contracted state and local expenditures in two years between 1933 and 1940

Part of an informal council of economic advisors during Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency

Keynesian economist who served as Federal Reserve chair; supported underconsumption theory even when it was still unpopular

Famous economist who believed that stock prices would be permanently high; supported the use of scrip

Former college president; co-wrote The Road to Plenty with Waddill Catchings, a book that claimed raising government spending could eliminate underconsumption

Economist who won the Nobel Prize in economics; believed that the Federal Reserve did “too little, too late” to stop the Great Depression

Historian and economist who largely blames the Federal Reserve for the Great Depression; part of an informal council of economic advisors during Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency

Economist who believed in mature capitalism; one of Keynes’s American disciples

Council of Economic Advisors chair; suggested that Lyndon Johnson raise taxes because of the Vietnam War’s high cost

Urban historian who noted the Federal Housing Administration seemed to endorse segregation and prejudice by labeling many black areas as red-lined neighborhoods

Economist who first proposed that underconsumption caused the Great Depression

Member of the early Council of Economic Advisors; supported the New Deal and labor movement

Winner of the Nobel Prize in economics and father of national income accounting; supported the maldistribution thesis by showing that during the 1920s, the rich grew richer while the poor grew poorer

Ronald Reagan’s chief economist; demonstrated his supply-side beliefs by claiming that high taxes hinder growth

New Deal historian who referred to Roosevelt as the “first modern president”

Half of the sociologist couple who investigated a rising interest in public affairs in Muncie, Indiana

Half of the sociologist couple who investigated a rising interest in public affairs in Muncie, Indiana

Philosopher and social scientist whose ideas formed the basis for socialism; foresaw and explained the Great Depression

Part of an informal council of economic advisors during Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency

First chair of the Council of Economic Advisors; a conservative economist

American Keynesian economist that supported expansionary policy during recessions and contractionary policy during times of inflation

Historian who divided the New Deal into a first and second New Deal; noted that the Home Owners Loan Corporation garnered much middle class support for the New Deal

Austrian economist who coined the term “creative destruction”

Researcher who worked with Milton Friedman; worked with him to calculate real interest rates during the Great Depression

Part of an informal council of economic advisors during Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency

Economist who served as director of the Resettlement Administration; nationalist who believed that welfare should be consistent across the nation

Austrian economist who claimed that the Federal Reserve’s interference prevented market forces from reaching equilibrium

Historian who asserted that the expansion of international markets fueled American pursuit of good foreign relations

Industrial financier; co-wrote The Road to Plenty with William T. Foster, a book in which they argued that raising government spending could eliminate underconsumption

Leaders of major American companies; members of the American Liberty League

Department store owner who understood the need for cooperation between big business and government

Creator of the assembly line and an entrepreneur who dabbled in public utilities; opposed unions

Public utility investor whose holding company failed, leading Americans to favor a government-run utilities project

Founder of Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner, and Smith; abolished the practice of commissions of sales staff

Banker from the National City Bank who disapproved of the Federal Reserve’s tight money policy and wanted to increase the amount of money in the broker’s loan market

Boston vegetable salesman, forger, smuggler, and con artist; namesake of Ponzi schemes

Family who owned Standard Oil; fruitlessly made a $50 million purchase in order to maintain Standard Oil stock prices

Stockbroker; one of the first businessmen to sell investment portfolios

General Motors market director who gave cars attractive features, including different designs, colors, self-starters, and windshield wipers

Movie tycoon who understood the need for cooperation between big business and government

Eminent educator who headed the National Youth Administration division of African American affairs

Supreme Court Justice from Alabama; appointed by Roosevelt to fill the spot left by Van Devanter

Lawyer who was part of the National Resources Board; later became a Supreme Court Justice who believed in judicial restraint

• Reagan’s vice president and Republican president from 1989 to 1993;
• advocate of small government

Supreme Court Justice during the New Deal; one of the four horsemen of the apocalypse

Supreme Court Justice during the New Deal; believed in judicial restraint

Democratic president from 1977 to 1981

Mayor of Chicago; informed a House committee that Hoover had to decide between financial relief or army mobilization

British prime minister; supported the policy of appeasement

Democratic president from 1885 to 1889 and 1893 to 1897

Commissioner of Indian Affairs under Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration; formerly a social worker

Republican president from 1923 to 1929 who oversaw tax cuts for upper income families and individuals

French premier; supported the policy of appeasement

Texas Representative; chair of the House Committee on Un-American Activities, which accused the FAP of spreading communist propaganda

Lawyer who was part of the National Resources Board; later became a Supreme Court Justice

Republican president from 1953 to 1961 who did not approve of new economic innovations

Fascist general who triumphed over the Spanish republican government, partially due to American neutrality

New Deal administrator who was skeptical of an overly strong federal government

Republican president from 1921 to 1923

Half of the legislative pair that proposed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Leader of the National Socialist Party in Germany; expanded his control of the country by stifling dissent and giving Jews only second class citizenship

Secretary of commerce and United States president; asked businesses to maintain price levels and insisted on a balanced federal budget

Head of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and Works Progress Administration; maximized employment rather than efficiency in public works projects

Chief Justice appointed by Hoover; a swing vote on the issue of economic regulation

Hoover’s Secretary of War who cleared occupied buildings during the Bonus Expeditionary Force’s protest

Director of the Public Works Administration

Democratic president from 1829 to 1837 who worked to dismantle the United States Bank in the 1830s

Democratic president from 1963 to 1969 who served as a member of the National Resources Board

Leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party; fought Communists and the Japanese

Democratic president from 1961 to 1963 who wanted to run a budget deficit by raising spending and reducing taxes at the same time

Businessman appointed by Roosevelt to lead the Securities andExchange Commission

Republican presidential candidate in 1936; not a popular choice for his party due to his progressive attitude and acceptance of the New Deal

Union Party presidential candidate during the 1936 elections; a populist who believed Roosevelt was not liberal enough

Republican president from 1861 to 1865 who won the 1864 presidential election by a wide margin due to the secession of the southern states

Governor of Louisiana during the late 1920s whose populist beliefs secured a great deal of support for him; assassinated in September 1935

Supreme Court Justice during the New Deal; one of the four horsemen of the apocalypse

Cuban politician who seized power after the American navy suppressed the revolution led by Grau San Martin

Republican gubernatorial candidate who supported Francis Townsend’s pension plan idea

Secretary of the Treasury who was skeptical of an overly strong federal government

Fascist dictator of Italy who invaded Ethiopia

Progressive Republican senator from Nebraska who supported a dam project for irrigation and the generation of electricity

Member of the Senate committee who harshly interrogated J.P. Morgan about why he had not paid income taxes

Roosevelt’s secretary of labor who was the first woman in the Presidential Cabinet; supported pension plans

Political dealmaker who was part of the National Resources Board

Republican president from 1981 to 1989 who abolished many New Deal reforms despite adopting Roosevelt’s personal style

Justice appointed by Hoover; a swing vote on the issue of economic regulation

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s wife; civil rights activist

Democratic president from 1933 to 1945 who instituted the New Deal and led the United States in joining World War II

Republican president from 1901 to 1909 who promoted National Parks and employed power politics; inspired Franklin D. Roosevelt

Leader of a Cuban revolution of intellectuals, laborers, and peasants

Democratic presidential candidate in 1924

Half of the legislative pair that proposed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Leader of the communist Soviet Union; repressed citizens in order to achieve major industrial growth

Alabama Representative; contributed to the addition of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to the Glass-Steagall Banking Act

Supreme Court Justice during the New Deal; believed in judicial restraint

Supreme Court Justice during the New Deal; one of the four horsemen of the apocalypse

Democratic president from 1945 to 1953 who proposed the Fair Deal

Supreme Court Justice during the New Deal; one of the four horsemen of the apocalypse

Michigan Senator; contributed to the addition of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to the Glass-Steagall Banking Act

Nationalist president of Brazil; supported by the middle class due to his pro-industrial beliefs

New York senator who served as National Labor Board chair; proposed a new bill in order to protect laborers from corporations

Nationalist who wanted standardized welfare across the United States

Democratic president from 1913 to 1921 who segregated federal offices; thought of Hoover as an ideal successor and mentored Franklin D. Roosevelt

Leader of Chinese Communists who fought against Chiang Kai-shek

19th-century author who wrote many novels narrating rags-to-riches stories

Amateur economist and author of A New Deal; wrote that Americans lived with a new “economy of abundance”

Writer supported by the Federal Arts Project

Southern writer who examined the suffering of southerners, which was caused by their history of slavery and the loss of the Civil War

Conservative publisher who dreaded a communist takeover

Reporter who commented on how federal aid helped poor women

Writer who stated that capitalism degraded people and ideas “by setting a cash value on them”

New York journalist who acted as Roosevelt’s publicity manager and advisor for 22 years

Columnist who felt disappointed when Roosevelt abandoned the League of Nations in order to appease isolationists

Journalist; during the 1920 presidential campaign, noticed Roosevelt’s charisma and good health but not his ideas and arguments

Writer of the article “Everybody Ought to Be Rich,” which the Ladies Home Journal published

California author who wrote The Jungle; used his popularity to run for governor unsuccessfully with his End Poverty In California platform

One of the earliest columnists to argue that the economic policy’s main goals should be high wages and high purchasing power

Author of The Grapes of Wrath, which revealed the cruelty of California grape growers

Globally famous African-American opera singer whom the Daughters of the American Revolution refused the right to sing in Constitution Hall

Musical comedy star

Western criminal and auto bandit; partner of Bonnie Park

Radio comedian

Leader of the International Longshoremen’s Association; organized the San Francisco General Strike

Radio comedian

Famous actor who starred in both Public Enemy and G-Men

Mafia boss who led the Chicago Outfit

Director who examined political corruption in Mr. Deeds Goes to a Town and Mr. Smith goes to Washington

Lawyer who served on the National Resources Board

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s mother who was his father’s second wife; married her husband when she was 26 and he was 52

Western bank robber and auto bandit

Western bandit; known as “Pretty Boy” Floyd

Lawyer who served on the National Resources Board Social Science Power Guide | 156

President of the American Federation of Labor; opposed public works projects

A fictional character in nine moves produced by MGM; experienced no problems that his father could not fix

Western bandit

Photographer hired by the Farm Security Administration to record the suffering of workers employed by large plantations

Leader of the United Mine Workers; formed the Congress of Industrial Organizations after conflict with the American Federation of Labor at an Atlantic City convention

Pilot who flew nonstop from New York to Paris in 1927; the kidnapping and death of his infant son prompted reform of the Federal Bureau of Investigation

General who would ultimately become famous for his efforts in World War II and the Korean War; stopped the Bonus Army protest

Eleanor Roosevelt’s social secretary; Franklin Roosevelt’s mistress

Clyde Barrow’s partner in crime

Artist supported by the Federal Arts Project

Leader of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; proposed a March on Washington to protest segregation

Radio journalist; represented pre-New Deal disillusionment with the financial and political elite

An organizer of the United Automobile Workers; future union president who was physically harmed by police at a Michigan protest

Musical comedy star

Actor; played the character of Andy Hardy in nine moves produced by MGM

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s father who served as town selectman and a member of the local state hospital board

Medical researcher; developed a vaccine for poliomyelitis

Comic book hero and radio character; “man of steel” whom only Kryptonite and Lois Lane could weaken

Doctor from Long Beach, California who developed the idea for an elderly pension plan

Radio character on an adventure show

Actress known for sexual innuendo in the early 1930s

Writer supported by the Federal Arts Project

Italian construction worker who attempted to assassinate Roosevelt two weeks before his inauguration; fatally wounded Anton Cermak instead