T or F: Enzymes are proteins that promote specific chemical reactions.
True
T or F: Vitamins are substances that cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by human cells.
True
T or F: Oxidation is a process by which bonds between the atoms of molecules are formed.
False
T or F: A metabolic pathway is a particular sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions.
True
T or F: An ATP molecule consists of an adenine, a ribose, and three phosphates.
True
T or F: During the anaerobic phase of respiration, pyruvic acid is changed to glucose.
False
The Oxidation that occurs during cellular respiration differs from burning in that respiration:
A: requires a relatively large amount of energy to start the process.
B: utilizes enzymes to start the process.
C. involves a greater release of energy in the forms of heat and light.
B
Enzymes:
D.
If a strand of DNA molecule contained the base sequence C,T,A,G,C, the complementary strand would contain the base sequence:
G, A, T, C, G
Ketone bodies are produced as a by-product of
B.
If a DNA strand has the organic base sequence T T A C G A, the corresponding base sequence of a messenger RNA molecule would be
A A U G C U
Anabolic metabolism includes:
A.
The process of copying DNA information into the structure of mRNA is called
transcription
When ketones are present in excess, a person may develop
A.
In dehydration synthesis of a large carb,
A.
A mutation is
A change in the DNA molecule, which changes the protein that will be formed.
The reactions of anaerobic respiration occur in the
cytoplasm
Phenylketonuria results from an inability to metabolize
an amino acid
Which of the following provides the best model to illustrate the way an enzyme interacts with a substrate molecule?
A. Lock and key
B. Reflecting light beam
C. Rolling wheel
D. Bouncing Bal
A.
A DNA molecule
consists of two strands, is twisted into a helix, and is composed of nucleotides joined together.
Which of the following is a mutagen?
C.
The enzyme catalase acts on a substrate
B.
During the process of protein synthesis, amino acids are positioned in the proper sequence by molecules of
tRNA
DNA replication
takes place during the interphase of a cell's life cycle, involves the pulling apart of a double-stranded DNA molecule, and results in two DNA molecules, each with one old strand and one new strand of nucleotides.
Which of the following substances increases in amount during cellular respiration?
D.
The transfer of genetic information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is a function of
mRNA
When a sucrose molecule is decomposed to yield a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule,
A.
During the anaerobic phase of respiration, glucose is changed to
pyruvic acid
The portion of a DNA molecule that contains the information for making one kind of protein is called a
gene
When proteins undergo digestion, the resulting molecules are
amino acids
The particular region of an enzyme molecule that combines with the substance it acts upon is called the
active site
The most common dietary lipids are composed of molecules are called
triglycerides
A rate-limiting enzyme is usually the _ enzyme in a series.
first
The substance acted upon by an enzyme is called its
substrate
In the human body, excess glucose enters anabolic pathways and may be converted into glycogen or
fat
Before portions of amino acid molecules can enter the cirtic acid cycle, they must undergo
deanimation
The four organic bases that occur in DNA molecules are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and
