-
rounded, linear leaf w/ white stripes on underside
round leaf bases
cones sit upright on branches
- Abies sp
- Pinaceae; true fir
- *cone: flat scales
- wood used for lumber, pulp, crates.
- xmas trees
-
opp. ovate, crenate leaves w/ decurrent base
large purple drupe clusters at nodes
- Callicarpa americana (of America)
- Verbenaceae; beautyberry
- Fruit: lavender drupe-like
- songbirds, mice, armadillo, etc
-
alt. simple, eliptical, entire margins
leaf undersides and twigs have silvery scales
- Elaeagnus umbellata (has umbels)
- Elaeagnaceae; elaeagnus
- Fruit: drupe
- native to China, Korea, Japan
- Invasive; introduced as wildlife food plant
- roots fix N, fruit eaten by humans
-
large thorns on trunk
long black shiny twisted legume
pinnate-bipinnately compound w/ small leaflets
yellow in fall, entire margin
flaky bark w/ deep ridges
- Gleditsia triacanthos (3-branched, i.e. thorns)
- Leguminosae; honeylocust (not a true locust)
- *Fruit: legume
- planted by settlers for sugary legumes, used in making beer. N-fixing nodules have never been found
- fruit and seeds eaten by wildlife.
- landscaping
-
alt. simple, crenate margins, asymmetric leaf base
late flowering
- Hamamelis virginiana (of VA)
- Hamamelidaceae (Witch Hazel); witch-hazel
- *Fruit: capsule (exploding)
- inner bark and leaves boiled for salve to treat wounds
-
small, dainty shrub
tiny leaflets, tiny pods, trifoliate leaves
- Lespedeza cuneata (wedge-shaped. i.e. leaf base)
- Leguminosae; lespedeza
- Fruite: legume
- introduced from Asia
- planted along roadsides and as quail food
-
yellow-brown 2-3" cone, jagged cone scale margin
bracts always shorter than scales
- Picea engelmannii (George Engelman - conifer expert)
- Pinaceae; Engelmann spruce
- *Cone: flat scale
- bracts always shorter than scale
- principal spruce of Rocky Mountains
- wood very strong
- pulp, dimension lumber, doors, musical instruments
-
scaly, flaky bark retains branches
needles twisted, in bundles of 2
slightly more delicate than VA pine
purple stripe on scale
- Pinus clausa (closed... i.e. serotinous cones)
- Pinaceae; sand pine
- *Cone: flat scales
- Found only in FLA
- pulpwood and xmas trees
-
deep dark ridged bark
soft thin needles in 2s
smooth twig
cone has flexible scales
- Pinus glabra (smooth. i.e. twigs)
- Pinaceae; spruce pine
- *Cone: flat scales
- hard pine
- xmas trees
-
reddish brown cone on stalk, shinier than loblolly (which has no stalk)
needles slightly longer, bushier, stouter, thicker than loblolly. also sometimes found in 2s, not just 3s.
- Pinus elliottii var. elliottiiPinaceae; slash pine
- *Cone: flat scales
- Not native to NC, mostly GA and FL, where it replaces loblolly, formerly used for naval stores
- Pinus elliottii
var. densa
-
fat cone w/ hooked prickles
needles in 2s
- Pinus pungens (prickly)
- Pinaceae; Table-mountain pine
- *Cone: flat scales
- found in Appalachians
-
soft needle/leaves
3-4" cone w/ 3-pointed bract longer than scale
long, sharp, pointed buds
- Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Archibald Menzies)
- Pinaceae; Douglas-fir
- *Cone: flat scales
- Major timber sp. of Pac. NW
- pulp, lumber, plywood
- spotted owl habitat!
- Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glaucabluish foliage and reflexed cone bracts in Rocky Mountains
-
alt. pinnately compound, never bipinnate
spines paired at nodes
- Robinia pseudoacacia (false-acacia)
- Leguminosae; black locust
- *Fruit: legume
- wood resistant to decay, shrinking and swelling
- used for pins in cabin construction, fene posts, beams, mine timbers
- foliage poisonous to livestock
- used in mine spoil bank reclamation
-
alt. linear leaves w/ white bands on bottom, evergreen
leaves different lengths along shoot
1" cone w/ wrinkled scales
- Sequoia sempervirens (evergreen)
- Cupressaceae; redwood
- *Cone: peltate scale
- wood decay resistant
- hot tubs, siding
- tallest tree
-
tiny alt. leaves, drops entire branches
fibrous bark
- Taxodium distichum var. distichum (2-ranked or spreading. i.e. leaves)Cupressaceae; baldcypress
- *Cone: peltate scales
- wood very valuable, decay resistant
- siding, bird houses, mulch
- our most flood-tolerant tree
- landscaping
-
alt. almost round, accuminate tip
shaggy bark
waxy capsule w/ white seed.
- Triadica sebifera
- Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family); tallowtree
- *Fruit: capsule
- native to China; very weedy further south
- wax on seed coat used in candle making
-
- Abies fraseri (John Fraser)
- Pinaceae; Fraser fir
- *Cone: flat scales, bracts exserted
- heavily damaged by balsam woolly adelgid
-
low elevation, Pacific Coast, NoCal to AK
slightly larger cone than Engelman
- Picea sitchensis (of Sitka, AK)
- Pinaceae; Sitka spruce
- *Cone: flat scales
- found in narrow belt along Pacific coast from NoCal to AK
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