medical term. ch 4

bad

hernia

paralysis

fascia

fibrous connective tissue

movement

condition

coordination

pertaining to

rupture

tone

slanted or at an angle

jerking of limbs as a person is falling asleep

inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joints

a specialist who works under a physician's supervision to develop, implement and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical test to promote physical fitness

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel) bone

sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

a muscle disease characterized by the inflammation & weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body at the same time

abnormally decreasd muscle function or activity

condition where there is dimished tone of the skeletal muscles.

the protrusion of muscle substance through a tear in the surrounding fascia

the sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports and separates muscles or groups of muscles

neuromuscular disorder characterized by the slow relaxation of the muscles after a voluntary contraction.

surgical suturing

excessive tone of the skeletal muscles

bends the foot upward at the ankle

circular movement at the far end of a limb

turns the palms of the hand downward or backward

test and records neuromuscular activity by the electric stimulation of the nerve trunk that carries fibers to and from the muscle

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot

specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia

Means pertaining to fascia & muscle tissue

A narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

A flat fibrous sheet of connective tissue that is very similar to a tendonHOWEVER!!!! It attaches a muscle to a bone or to other tissues

-SKELETAL-SMOOTH -MYOCARDIAL

The study of muscular activity and the resulting movement of body parts

• Muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs
• -One muscle produces movement in one direction and the other muscle produces movement in the opposite directions

Pertaining to working in opposition to each other

The normal state of balanced muscle tension (contraction/relaxation) that makes normal posture and coordination possible

-The stimulation of the muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

-The stimulation causes the muscle to contract and when the stimulation stops the muscle relaxes

-Means pertaining to the relationship between nerve and muscle-If the nerve impulse is interrupted because of injury or pathology of the nervous system, the muscle is paralyzed and cannot contract.

Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

Example: The elbow is bent and the lower arm is brought upward

A muscle that bends a limb at a joint

Increasing the angle between two bones or straightening out a limb.Example: The elbow is straightened and lower arm is brought down

A muscle that straightens a limb at a joint

The act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward

The act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned backward or downward.

The place where the muscle begins (originates)This is the more fixed (less moveable) attachment or the end of the muscle nearest the midline of the body

The place where the muscle ends (inserts)It is the more movable attachment or the end of the muscle farthest from the midline of the body

• Helps flex the neck and rotate the headNamed for its two points of origin and the point of insertion
• This muscle begins near the midline at the sternum (breastbone) and clavicle (collar bone).
• Its inserts away from the midline into the mastoid process of the temporal bone (located just behind the ear)

Means straight

• Example
• Rectus Abdominis An abdominal muscle in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

Means slanted or at an angleExample External Abdominal oblique An abdominal muscle that slants outward at an oblique angle , away from the midline

• A ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
• These muscles are named for the passage involved

Example Anal SphincterCloses the anus

Located at the back of the upper leg

• Semimembranosus
• Semitendinosus
• Biceps femoris

Treat injuries and disorders involving bones, joints, muscles, and tendons

Treats the cause of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function

Pain in a tendon

• An inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint
• Note: tendinitis, tenonitis, and tenontitis all have the same meaning

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.Can form in muscles or internal organs as the result of an injury or surgery

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.

Muscle atrophy can be caused by pathology or by disuse of the muscle over a long period of time

Muscle tenderness or pain

The degeneration of muscle tissue(Degeneration means deterioration or breaking down)

• The age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass in the elderly
• Includes loss of muscle strength, and function

Lacking normal tone or strength

A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

• Stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
• Spasmodic =means relating to a spasm Torticollis= means a contraction, or shortening, of the muscles of the neck

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs in the leg during exercise and is relieved by rest

This condition is caused by poor circulation in the leg

Also known as hiccups

Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

means muscle weakness

A group of inherited muscle disorders that cause muscle weakness without affecting the nervous system

Two of the most common forms are Duchenne’s and Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy

Involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles

Can be caused by trauma, tight bandages or casts, or by repetitive activities such as running

A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

Can be caused by repeated minor injuries

Usually painless and does not require treatmentDo not confuse this use of the term ganglion here with the nerve ganglion

Occurs when the tendons passing through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen, which creates pressure on the median nerve; causing pain, burning, and paresthesia in the fingers and handParesthesia= an abnormal sensation, such as burning, tingling, and numbness

= an abnormal sensation, such as burning, tingling, and numbness

The paralysis of all four extremities

Loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply and can be temporary or permanent

Weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle

Slight paralysis of one side of the body

The total paralysis of one side of the body

Paralysis of the muscles of the heart

Tested with reflex hammer used to strike a tendon

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

Most frequently used when people have symptoms of weakness and examinations shows impaired muscle strength

A surgical incision through a fascia to relieve tension or pressure

The surgical repair of a fascia

The surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone

Surgical suturing together of the divided end of a tendon

To free a tendon from adhesions

The surgical removal of a portion of a tendon or tendon sheath

Surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity caused by the abnormal shortening of a muscle, such as strabismus

The surgical removal of a portion of a muscle

The surgical suturing of a muscle wound

Myotomy (my-OT-oh-mee)