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a physical examination technique consisting of a systematic inspection of the oral structures
ora examination
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When detected at early stages, oral cancer has a/an_________survival rate
80%
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How many of oral cancers are diagnosed in the early stage at present?
1/3
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true or false. It is necessary to take a history of each patient's tobacco and alcohol use?
true
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oral cancer is the_______________deadliest cancer in the united states.
sixth
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of the oral structures, which is the one with the highest incident site of oral cancer?
the tongue
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At what age does the incident of oral cancer risk peak?
ages 55-74
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true or false. Men are 2 times more likely to develop oral cancer than women?
true
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true or false. Exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for lip cancer?
true
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name 8 symptoms our pts may complain of that could indicate oral cancer
- soreness
- lump or thickening
- numbness in tongue or other areas
- something caught in throat or hoarseness
- difficulty chewing or swallowing
- ear pain
- difficulty moving jaw or tongue
- swelling of jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly
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list the 7 sub groups that need to be checked in an intraoral exam
- lips and vermillion border
- oral cavity and mucosal surface
- underlying structures of lips and cheeks
- floor of mouth
- salivary gland function
- tongue
- palatal tonsils and oropharynx
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What position should pt be in when doing an intraoral examination?
supine
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What is the equipment needed for an intraoral examination?
- gloves
- protective eye wear for pt and clinician
- 2x2 gauze
- cotton tip applicator
- dental mirror
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Noteable findings of lips and vermillion border
- change in shape or texture
- chapped or cracked lips
- pigment changes or variation in color
- lip pits
- irregular vermillion border
- lips that don't meet at rest
- herpetic lesions
- soft tissue lesions
- swelling
- asymmetrical mouth
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noteable findings of mucosal surfaces
- change in color or texture
- swelling
- trauma
- lesions
- pale, reddened, or dry mucosa
- linea alba
- leukoplakia
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What technique is used to examine the lips?
bidigital
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Noteable findings of underlying structures of lips and cheeks
- swellings or nodules
- changes in texture
- tenderness upon palpation
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Noteable findings in the floor of mouth
- change in color or texture
- lesions or other surface abnormalities
- swelling, especially unilateral
- swelling due to salivary calculi or stones
- leukoplakia
- palpate for hard areas or discomfort
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palpation technique for floor of mouth
bimanual
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Why is it helpful to use a damp 2x2 gauze for inspecting the tongue and floor of mouth?
so the tongue won't slip, and wet the gauze so it doesn't stick to their tongue
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What are noteable findings of the salivary gland function?
- swellings in the floor of mouth from blocked saliva glands or ducts or trauma
- xerostomia (dry mouth)
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What are noteable findings of the tongue?
- ulceration
- lesions or swellings
- nodules detectable upon palpation
- variation in size, color, or texture
- accumulated food debris may produce inflammation or bad smell
- asymmetrical shape
- dry mouth
- papillae absent
- fissured or pebbly dorsal surface
- macroglossia
- ankyloglossia
- black hairy tongue with some antibiotics
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noteable findings of the palate
- swelling
- lesions
- tumors
- cleft palate
- changes in color
- changes in texture common in smokers
- tobacco chewers patch
- ulcer
- trauma
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noteable findings of tonsils
- inflamed tonsils
- enlarged tonsils
- areas of pus evident
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noteable findings of oropharynx
- markedly reddened and inflammed
- sore throat
- discomfort when swallowing or eating
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noteable findings of uvula
deviates from midline
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easy to see where lesion begins and ends
well-demarcated border
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difficult to see where lesion begins and ends
poorly-demarcated border
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uniform border
regularly shaped
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border not uniform
irregularly shaped
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types of lesion patterns
- single or multiple
- discrete
- grouped
- confluent
- linear
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flat dicolored spot, less than 1 cm in size
macule
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flat discolored spot larger than 1 cm in size
patch
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solid raised lesion, less than 1 cm in size
papule
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superficial raised lesion, larger than 1 cm in diameter
plaque
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marble-like lesion, larger than 1 cm in diameter
nodule
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localized area of skin edema
wheal
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small blister filled with clear fluid less than 1 cm in size
vesicle
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larger fluid filled lesion larger than 1 cm in diameter
bulla
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small raised lesion filled with pus
pustule
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loss of top layer of skin of mucosa
erosion
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craterlike lesion where top 2 layers of skin or mucosa are lost
ulcer
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