Unit 5 Protistans

• photosynthetic protozoans
• mostly free living aquatic
• most unicellular

• Algae
• Protozoans (non photosynthetic)

• single celled
• non photosynthetic
• no cell walls

• Amoeba
• Reproduce by binary fission
• Engulf food

• Ciliates
• Most found in pond water

• Two Nuclei:
• 1) Macronucleus "active"
• 2) Micronucleus "silent"; exchanged during secual cycle

• Balantinidium colii - largest protozoan in the gut
• Causes diarrhea

• Flagellates
• Many are human pathogens
• Ex: Giardia lamblia

• Non-motile
• All are obligate parasides
• Ex: Plasmodium

Worms

Disease in immune compromised patients

• Causative agent: contaminated water/food
• Class/type: Protozoan - Amoeba - lumen dwelling
• Route of transmission: fecal-oral
• Disease sx: ulcers leading to diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, can progress to liver, brain, lungs

• Causative agent: untreated drinking water
• Class/type: Protozoan flagellate - lumen dwelling
• Route of transmission: fecal-oral; some person to person
• Disease sx: diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence

• Causative agent: infected farm animals
• Class/type: giant ciliate; protozoan - lumen dwelling
• Route of transmission: fecal-oral; pigs, farm workers
• Disease sx: more often in immune compromised, intermittent diarrhea w/ constipation

• Causative agent: contaminated water
• Class/type: protozoan, sporozoa - lumen dwelling
• Route of transmission: fecal-oral
• Disease sx: self limiting, diarrhea. Immune compromised - prolonged servere d* w/ invasion of gall, bladder, lungs

• Causative agent: plasmodium
• Class/type: protozoan, sporozoan - blood and tissue
• Route of transmission: mosquito
• Disease sx: relapsing fever (fever 48-72 hours); chills, fatigue due to lysis of cells

• Causative agent: contaminated food, water, soil; contaminated kitty litter
• Class/type: protozoan, sporoozan - blood and tissue
• Route of transmission: invades via white blood cells - fecal-oral
• Disease sx: immune compromised patients = brain lesions, disruptions of heart and lungs; pregnant women 33% chance of transmission to fetus

• Causative agent: sand fly
• Class/type: protzoan, flagellte - blood/tissue
• Route of transmission: sand fly
• Disease sx: cutaneous infections, scarring

• Causative agent: tse tse fly
• Class/type: protozoan, flagellate; blood/tissue
• Route of transmission: tse tse fly
• Disease sx: fever, lethargy

• Causative agent: kssing bug
• Class/type: protozoan, flagellate: blood/tissue
• Route of transmission: kissing bug
• Disease sx: infection of heart, colon, esophagus

• Causative agent: trophozoite
• Class/type: protozoan flagellate; blood/tissue
• Route of transmission: sexual contact
• Disease sx: vaginitis, foul smelling discharge

• Causative agent: contaminated beef
• Route of transmission: oral
• Disease sx: epigastric fullness, malnutrition d*
• Animal host: cattle
• Flatworm/Roundworm: flat worm

• Causative agent: contaminated pork
• Route of transmission: oral
• Disease sx: d* and malnutrition
• Animal host: pig
• Flatworm/Roundworm: flatworm

• Causative agent: eggs are ingested
• Route of transmission: fecal oral
• Disease sx: itching, insomnia, d*
• Animal host: n/a
• Flatworm/Roundworm: roundworm

• Causative agent: contaminated soil
• Route of transmission: contact w/ moist soil, grass
• Disease sx: nausea, abdominal pain, anemia
• Animal host: n/a
• Flatworm/Roundworm: roundworm

• Causative agent: contaminated soil
• Route of transmission: fecal oral, esp soil
• Disease sx: pneumonia-like, allergy, abdominal pain, malnutrition
• Animal host: n/a
• Flatworm/Roundworm: roundworm

• Causative agent: undercooked, raw meat
• Route of transmission: oral
• Disease sx: muscle, joint pain; Severe = sob
• Animal host: pig
• Flatworm/Roundworm: roundworms

• Causative agent: contaminated water
• Route of transmission: penetrates skin
• Disease sx: rash, liver damage, fever
• Animal host: snail
• Flatworm/Roundworm: roundworm

• check for female worms
• scotch tape on slide to look for eggs

• By wearing shoes
• Non dirt floors

Because the eggs cannot hatch in the human

• causative agent (common name): crabs
• route of transmission: sexual contact
• disease sx: itching, rash
• animal host: n/a
• vector associated diseases: none known

• causative agent (common name): head lice
• route of transmission: contact, clothing, combs
• disease sx: itching
• animal host: n/a
• vector associated diseases: edemic typhus, relapsing fever, trench fever

• causative agent (common name): body lice
• route of transmission: contact, bedding, clothing
• disease sx: itching, papules
• animal host: n/a
• vector associated diseases: endemic typhus, relapse fever, trench fever

• causative agent (common name): scabies
• route of transmission: sexual contact, contact, clothing
• disease sx: intense itching
• animal host: n/a
• vector associated diseases: none known

• causative agent (common name):
• route of transmission: environment
• disease sx: itching
• animal host: humans, dogs, cats, squirrels, rats
• vector associated diseases: bubonic plague, edemic typhus, cat scratch disease

• causative agent (common name): ticks
• route of transmission: environment
• disease sx: itching
• animal host: mammals, birds
• vector associated diseases: lyme disease, relapse fever, typhus fever, rickettsial pox, rocky mountain spotted fever, Q fever

mutation in the heamoglobin gene of red blood cells

If heretozygotic then usually asymptomatic and more resistant to malaria. If homozygotic then anemic, warped red blood cells, clogged capillaries