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The study of parasites and parasitism.
Parasitology
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An organism that lives on or within and at the expense of another organism (host).
Parasites
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The state or condition of being infected or infested with parasites.
Parasitism
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Invasion by and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissue resulting in disease.
Infection
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Harboring of macroscopic parasites.
Infestation
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A parasite that lives on the outer surface of the body.
Ectoparasite
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A parasite that lives within the body of the host.
endoparasite
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This parasites are most often associated with infestation
Ectoparasite
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These parasites are most often associated with infection.
endoparasite
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This is a parasite that derives benefit from the host without causing any harm.
commensal parasite
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A stage of an organism's development which is resting, protective, non-motile, not capable of reproduction.
Cyst
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State of an organism's development which is motile, vegetative, and capable of reproduction.
trophozoite
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period from initgial exposure to point which parasites or their products can be demonstrated in the feces other excretions, blood, by biopsy or other diagnostic tests.
incubation period
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an organism that harbors a parasite; the organism from which the parasite obtains its nourishment.
host
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a required host in a parasitic life cycle in which essential larval development must occur before the parasite is infective to its definitive host. development occurs but adulthood is not reached.
intermediate host.
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any host harboring the adult or sexually mature stage of the parasite
definitive host
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animal that harbors a species of parasite that can be transmitted to and infect man.
reservoir host
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the sequence of morphologic and environmental stages necessary for the survival and reproduction of parasites.
life cycle
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an arthropod or other agent that carries microorganisms from one infected individual to another.
vector
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what three factors affect the endemicity of parasites?
- presence and habits of suitable host
- easy escape
- envronmental conditions
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what are four factors that affect the distribution of human parasites?
- economic conditions
- social conditons
- religion
- migration
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What is the geographical distribution of human parasites?
- tropics and subtropics
- temperate regions
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what are three factors involved in the transmisssion of parasites?
- source of infection
- mode of transmission
- presence of a susceptible host
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what are the three types of parasite life cycles?
- no intermediate host
- one intermediate host
- two intermediate hosts
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No intermediate host are transmitted from person to person by what two means?
- contaminated food or drink
- fecal-oral contamination
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one intermediate host usually use a large _______, _________ or _________.
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two intermediate host are usually from fresh water or vegetation to ___________ to _________ to man.
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this is the smallest parasite with a size of 4-6u by 2-3u.
toxoplasma gondii
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this is the longest parasite with a size of 30 feet or longer.
Diphyllobothrium latum
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This parasite has the largest ova with a size of 82u by 135u.
Fasciolopsis species
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what is the most common portal of entry for parasites?
by mouth (ingestion)
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this portal of entry is seen with pinworm ova.
inhalation (airborne ova)
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This portal of entry intermediate fors penetrate the skin (e.g. hookworm larva).
entry into skin or break in the skin
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T. vaginalis uses what protal of entry?
sexual contact
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This parasite can be transmitted transplacentally.
T. gondii
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