Human Physiology Part 2

Zuti and Golding found that the most efficient way to lose weight and fat is to do a combination of dieting and exercising. Although if you had to choose just one, exercising is best.

Ask people what they ate yesterday or even today, and the odds are that they’ll underestimate the amount.

Increase in exhaustion and fatigue, decrease in glucose, decrease in the variety of foods which reduces phytochemicals, and increase in the risk of respiratory infections.

Only eating vitamins, minerals, and water.

We conclude that healthful diets with varying emphases on carbohydrate, fat & protein levels can all achieve clinically meaningful weight loss, as long as it’s heart healthy.

Water, carbohydrates, fats/tryglycerides/lipids, proteins.

Vitamins and minerals.

Increase in good fats, decrease in bad fats, increase in servings of protein, dairy, vegetables, and fruits, breads need to be half whole grain, and exercise regularly!!

You need water and an enzyme.

• 1. Local (autoregulation)
• 2. Nervous (rapidly acting)
• 3. Hormonal (slower acting/ reinforcing)

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, galbladder, small intestine, pancreas, and large intestine.

Ingestion, salivary gland secretion, mucus and enzymes, enzymatic digestion, chewing and swallowing.

Rapid transit, mucus secretion.

Mixing, mucus secretion, hydrochloric acid, enzymes, digests alcohol, protein and butter fat.

Emulsificaiton, detergent action of bile and secretion.

Secretion! Mucus, NaHCO₃, and enzymes, enzymatic digesiton: carbs, fat, protein.

Absorption! Secretes mucus and enzymes. Enzymatic digestion: carbs, fat, protein.

Dehydration! Secretiona and absorption, and storage, and peristalsis.

• 1. Mucus releases into the GI lumen.
• 2. Enzymes release into GI lumen.
• 3. H₂O, acids, bases release into GI lumen
• 4. Hormones release into the blood.

Moderately intense aerobic exercise 30 min/day, 5 day/week. OR vigorously intense aerobic exercise 20 min/day, 3 day/week. AND 8-10 strength training exercises 8-12 repetitions of each exercise, 2 day/week.

Right atria, right ventricle, left atria, left ventricle.

Blood in the pulmonary circuit has been oxygenated, and blood in the systemic circuit has gone through the body and is considered used.

Blood from the body would travel into the heart from the superior vena cava (head) and inferior vena cava (body) into the right atrium, then through the right ventricle and then into the pulmonary artery and pulmonary circuit where the blood gets oxygenized. From the lungs, the freshly oxygenated blood moves through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, then through the left ventricle, and then through the aorta to the rest of the body.

Describes the blood flow direction which is veins, artia, ventricles, then arteries.

• 1. Pulmonary valve: between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
• 2. Right AV valve: between right atrium and right ventricle.
• 3. Left AV valve: between left atrium and left ventricle.
• 4. Aortic valve: between the left ventricle and the aorta.
• *Pulmonary valve and aortic valve are the "semi-lunar valves."

Starts in the Sinoatrial (SA) Node, which is known as the pace-maker, then goes to the Atrioventricular (AV) Node, then into the Bundle of His, then into the Purkinje fibers.

• CVD: Cardiovascular disease
• AMI: Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)
• CVA: Cerebro vascular accident (stroke)
• HTN: Hypertention (high blood pressure)
• PVD: periferal vascular disease
• TIA: Transient ischemic attack (mini stroke)

Fatty deposits inside aterial walls, under endothelium.

• HDL: High-density lipoprotein, good.
• LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, bad.

Dietary modification, exercise, and drugs/surgery (last resort).

Inflamation of a vein.

Pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium.

Normal range is between 60 and 100. Below 60 is bradycardia, above 100 is tachycardia.

Healthy oils like... H- hazlenut, A- avocado, P- peanut, O- olive, and C- canola.