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Define operations.
The part of a business organization that is responsible for producing goods and services.
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Define operations management.
The management of systems or processes that create good and/or provide servicecs
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What are 8 key differences in goods and services?
- Customer contact
- Uniformity of input
- Labor content of jobs
- Uniformity of output
- Measurement of productivity
- Production and delivery
- Quality assurance
- Amount of inventory
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What are the 3 basic functions of an organization?
Marketing, Operations, Finance
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Define supply chain.
A sequence of activities & organizations involved in producing and delivering a good or service.
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Define feedback.
measurements taken at various points in the transformation process
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Define control
The comparison of feedback against previously established standards to determine if corrective action is needed.
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Define process.
One or more actions that transform inputs into outputs.
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What are the 3 categories of business processes?
- Upper-management processes.
- Operational processes.
- Supporting processes.
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Define upper-management processes.
These govern the operation of the entire organization.
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Define operational processes.
These are core processes that make up the value stream.
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Define supporting processes.
These support the core processes.
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Define the 4 sources of process variation.
- Variety of goods and services offered.
- Structural variation in demand.
- Random variation.
- Assignable variation.
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Define variety of goods and services being offered.
The greater the variety of goods and services offered, the greater the variation in production or service requirements.
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Define structural variation in demand
Theses are generally predictable. They are important for capacity planning.
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Define random variation.
Natural variation that is present in all processes. Generally, it cannot be influenced by managers.
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Define assignable variation.
Variation that has identifiable sources. This type of variation can be reduced , or eliminated, by analysis and corrective action.
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Define operations function.
Consists of all activities directly related to producing goods or providing services.
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List 5 system design decisions.
- Capacity.
- Facility location
- Facility layout
- Product and service planning
- Acquisition and placement of equipment.
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List 5 system operation decisions.
- Management of personnel
- Inventory management and control
- Scheduling
- Project management
- Quality assurance
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Define productivity.
Increasing productivity allows companies to maintain or increase their output using fewer workers.
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Define outsourcing.
Some manufacturing work has been outsourced to more productive companies.
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Define a statistical artifact.
Manufacturers are increasingly using contract and temporary labor which no longer show up in the statistics as manufacturing employment.
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Define model.
An abstraction of real-life phenomena. key tool used by all decision makers.
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What the 3 types of models?
- Physical.
- Schematic.
- Mathematical.
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What is a physical model?
Looks like their real- life counterparts
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What is a schematic model?
Looks less like their real-life counterparts than physical models.
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What is a mathematical model?
Does not look their real-life counterparts.
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Define quantitative method.
A decision making approach that frequently seeks to obtain a mathematically optimal solution.
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Define performance metrics.
All managers use metrics to manage and control operations.
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Define analysis of trade-offs.
A trade-off is giving up one thing in return of something else.
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Define degree of customization.
Relative to other standardized products and services customized products. Has a significant influence on the entire organization.
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Define pareto phenomenon.
A few factors account for a high percentage of occurrence of some events.
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Define a system.
A set of interrelated parts that must work together. Composed of 3 subsystems- marketing, operations, finance.
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What are the 10 elements of supply chain management?
- Customers
- Forecasting
- Design
- Capacity planning
- Processing
- Inventory
- Purchasing
- Suppliers
- Location
- Logistics
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Define craft production.
System in which highly skilled workers use simple, flexible tools to produce small quantities of customized goods.
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Who is Frank Gilbreth?
The father of motion studies.
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Who is Henry Gantt?
Developed the Gantt chart scheduling system and recognized the value of non-monetary rewards for motivating employees.
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Who is Harrington Emerson?
Applied Taylor's ideas to organization structure.
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Who is Henry Ford?
Employed scientific management techniques to his factories. Moving assembly line and mass production
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