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Active Metabolism
The metabolic acidity that generates additional heat as a by prodouct of the additional energy requirements of muscular work
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eAllen's Rule
A tenet that, widely distributed homeothermic species, population in cold climates will tend to have shorter extremeties than those in mild climates.
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Apocrince Sweat Glands:
Glands in mammals that areas associated with hair follicles and secrete a fluid in lipids and proteins.
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Basal Metablism
The metabolic activity that is generated by animals during complete rest
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Bergmann's Rule
A tenet that, in a widely distributed, homeothermic species, populations in colder enfironments will tend to be bigger than those in mild climates.
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Cold induced vasodilator
Dilation of peripheral blood vessels during exposure to cold
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Conduction
The transfer of heat between two solid objects in physical contact
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Convection:
The transfer of heat between two sold objects in physical contact
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Countercurrent heat exchange
A heat exchange between arteries and veins that warms venous blood that has cooled peripheral areas
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Evaporation:
The conversion of a liquid to a gas, a process that requires energy and thus a loss of heat from the surrounding area.
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Habitation
The process of becoming less reactive to any particular stimulus or stress.
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Isolative adaptation
An adaptation to cold or heat stress involving body size, form, and compoosition as well as regulation of blood flow.
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Metabolic adaptation
An adaptation to cold or stress involving basal metabolsim as well as metabolic heat generation from muscular activity.
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Non Shivering thermogenesis
An adaptation occuring in some mammals, and possibly human, in which the hormone norepinephrine causes a general increase in the basal metabolism rate due to dchanges in lipid metabolism.
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Radiation
The exchange of electromagnetic energy between objects in range of each other
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Shivering
Involuntary muscular activity that is induced by skin receptors that are activated by a lowering of skin temperature
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Thermoregulation
The maintenance of a balance between heat gain and loss.
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Vasoconstriction
The narrowing of superficial blood vessel, which reduces the rate heat loss from the body to the air.
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Vasodilation
The expansion of superficial blood vessels, which increases the rate of heat loss sfrom the body to the air.
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