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RSV- Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- -Most common cause of lower respiratory infections in children 2 and under
- -Spread bu physical contact, usually with infected nasal or oral secretions
- -Season begins in fall and peaks in winter
- -3-5 days after exposure: URI symptoms: cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, low-grade fever, lasting a week or two
- -Symptoms worsen if infection soreads to lower respiratory tract, may include wheezing and difficulty breathing
- RSV pnuemonia: children and infants exhibit retractions, rapid grunting respirations, poor O2, and respiratory distress.
- -Vomiting, dehydration, acidisis may occur
- -Diagnosis is based on S/S and and isolating virus in respiratory secretions (throat/sputum swabs)
- -Acetaminophen or ibruprofen given for pain and fever, O2 administered if pulse ox drops below 92%, bronchodilators(albuterol or epinephrine (are used for wheezing)
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Bronchiolitis
- -inflammation of the bronchioles, particularly as an acute porcess in children under two, with peak incidence occuring at 6 months and during the winter and early spring months
- -RSV accounts for 50% of all cases
- -first symptoms are URI, quickly replaced by respiratory distress, nasal flaring, retractions, tachypnea, cyanosis, wheezing. some infants develop severe respiratory distress with hypoxia and gasping respirations and require hospitaization, O2 administration, and assisted ventilation.
- -CXR show hyperinflation with scattered areas of pneumonia and or atelectasis.
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MRSA
- -resistant to all penicillin and cephalosporins
- -patients should be isolated with appropriate precautions
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