-
what is the dominate pattern of Arteriosclerosis?
atherosclerosis
-
what is the classic example of a vasculitis syndrome?
Polyarteritis Nodosa
-
which vasculitis syndrome is c-ANCA is positive in 95% of patients
wegener granulomatosis
-
what is the most common form of arteritis?
giant cell arteritis
-
most common hypertension by etiology
essential
-
most common hypertension by clinical course
benign
-
most common lymphedema?
secondary lymphedema
-
most common cause of L side CHF
ischemic heart disease
-
most common clinical manifestation of of CHF on the lungs
dyspnea
-
most common cause of R side CHF
most often follows L side failure
-
leading cause of death in US (as a group)
ischemic heart disease = coronary heart disease
-
most common form of ischemic heart disease
chronic ischemic heart disease
-
single most frequent cause of death in US
MI
-
transmural or subendothelial MI; which is more common and wose
transmural
-
most common cause of MI
thrombosis
-
for transmural infarcts, 95% of cases have ______
superimposed thrombosis
-
regarding MI, get irreversible cell injury when?
20-40 mins
-
regarding MI, get lesion that is maximally soft and weak and most likely to rupture when?
7-10 days
-
in sudden cardiac death, the mech of death is almost always what
arrhythmia
-
most common clinical sign of a congenital heart defect is
a heart murmur
-
most common congenital heart defect
ventricular septal defect
-
most serious and common L to R shunt defect
ventricular septa defect
-
most lethal congenital heart disease (or maybe just most lethal shunting defect????)
transposition of great vessels
-
most common cardiac valve disease in the US
mitral valve prolapse
-
Aschoff body is a pathognomonic lesion of what?
rheumatic fever/heart disease
-
formed of bacteria and exudate, infective/valvular vegetations are most associated with what
infective endocarditis
-
most cases 50-60% of IE caused by what---and its called subacute bacterial endocarditis
a strep viridans
-
20% of infective endocarditis caused by what
and it is the MOST common cause o fo acute infetive endo
S aureus
-
most common cause of myocarditis
inflammation is the primary mech of injury to the myocardium
-
most common type of pericarditis
fibrinous
-
what is the hallmark of obstructive lung diseases
decreased expiratory flow rate
-
which type of asthma is worse and more frequently leads to status asthmaticis
intrinsic
-
emphysema is a COPD disease, what is the most common cause
smoking
-
what are the major source of protease
neutrophils
-
smoking inhibits what, which is the major inhibitor or proteases (elastase)
a-1-antitrypsin
-
what is the first symptom for emphysema
dyspnea
-
which are more common, pink puffers or blue bloaters?
blue bloaters
-
what is the # 1 cause of chronic bronchitis
smoking
-
what is the most common form of chronic bronchitis
simple chronic
-
what is the least common form of chronic bronchitis
chronic obstructive bronchitis
-
what is the major target site for Sarcoidosis
lymph nodes--hilar and paratracheal
-
regarding acute bacterial pneumonias, which is more serious; bronco or lobar pneumonia
lobar
-
most common lobar pneumoniae
streptococcus pneumoniae
-
which lobar pneumonia has a higher mortality rate
klebsiella pneumonia
-
which broncho pneumonia is very lethal
legionella pneumonphilia
-
most common primary atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma pneumoniae
-
important cause of community acquired atypical pneumonia
chlamydia pneumoniae
-
what is the most important risk factor for TB
HIV infection
-
what is the most common cause of secondary TB
reactivation of dormant primary lesions from primary TB
-
what is the leading cause of death from malignancy in industrialized contries
bronchogenic carcinoma
-
what is the dominate cause of lung cancer
cigarette smoking
-
most common bronchogenic carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
-
worse prognosis of bronchogenic carcinomas
small cell carcinoma
-
worst primary lung tumor
malignant mesothelioma
-
defining characteristic of Azotemia
- elevated BUN
- --creatinine levels are usually elevated too, but its not a defining charastic
-
in glomerulonephritis, what mech are the most common
immune
-
what is the the most common end stage renal disease
chronic glomerulonephritis
-
in acute pyelonephritis what is the most common bacteria and mechanism
ecoli and ascending infection
-
what is the most common cause of acute renal failure
acute tubular necrosis
-
what is the #1 symptom of renal stones due to obstruction
pain
-
what is the most common cause of hydronephrosis
nodular hyperplasia of the prostate
-
most common malignant renal tumor and most common cause is smoking
renal cell carcinoma
-
most common symptom of wilms tumor
abdominal mass
-
most common tumor of the urinary collecting system
transitional cell carcinoma
-
most likely place to get transitional cell carcinoma
also has the best prognosis
worst site for prognosis
bladder
ureter
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