Chapter14

the values, beliefs, and practices shared by the majority within a group of people.

the attitudes, roles, behaviors, and religious or sprititual practices accepted and expected by the cultural group.

the way in which the group's people explain life events and view life's mysteries.

which are those ideas and perceptions seen as good and useful.

concerns the spirit, or soul, and is an element of religion. May include a belief in higher power, creative force, or diving being, or a belief in spirits of departed people and the supernatural.

a formalized system of belief and worship.

practices related to health, illness, birth, and death and prescribed behavior are part of organized religion and sometimes spirituality.

convictions or opinions that one considers to be true.

the belief that cannot be proven, or for which no material evidence exists.

a person who does not believe in God.

a person who doubts the existence of God, because it cannot be proved or disproved.

religious and spiritual beliefs may be strengthened, questioned, or rejected.

each individual patient.

largest religion in the world. 3 main divisions Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and the Protestant faith.

eternal life. Death is viewed as a transition to a life with God.

and specific spiritual assessment regarding the various issues relevant to health care is essential.

one of the fastest growing religions in the world.

a muslim religious prayer leader and main place of worship is the mosque.

when food is prepared according to jewish dietary laws during slaughter, processing, and packaging.

Jewish religious ritual performed by a man called a mohel on the eighth day of a boy's life.

a biologic way of categorizing people.

based on physical characteristics such as skin color and texture, facial characteristics, and body proportions.

found within race; these groups are usually differentiated by geographic, religious, social, or language differences.

smaller groups within the culture whose members have similar views and goals in addition to or in place of those of the main culture.

a variety of characteristics such as socioeconomic status, education, occupation, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or residence in a rural versus urban area.

a term used by Dr. Madeline Leininger to describe care that recognizes cultural diversity and is sensitive to the cultural needs of the patient and family.

what all people need to most grow, remain well, avoid illness, and survive or face death.

involves knowledge of a people's history and ancestry and an appreciation for their artistic expressions, foods, and celebrations.

refraining from using offensive language, respecting accepted patterns of communication, and refraining from speaking in ways that are disrespectful of a person's cultural beliefs.

knowing yourself, examining your own values, attitudes, beliefs, and prejudices.

the tendency of human beings to think that their ways of thinking, behaving, and doing things are the only way or the only right way.

identifies common trends, patterns, and beliefs of a group.

a set opinion or belief about the group that is applied to an individual.

but they all ignore the uniqueness of the patient.

positive or negative attitude or opinion that is unsupported by evidence.

given the same level of care regardless of race, socioeconomic status, gender, age, spiritual/religious orientation, or personal habits.

regional variations of the language with different pronounciation, grammar, or word meanings.

space acceptable between two people when conversing that is appropriate, acceptable touching, and meaning of gestures such as head nodding.

male dominates in the family household.

female dominates in the family household.

both men and women share equality in the household.

attention to mental, social, spiritual, and physical aspects. view of health and illness in which nature is a dominant force.

universal life force or energy. If chi'i is out of balance or in hisharmony, illness may result.

negative, dark, cold, feminine.

positive, light, warm and masculine.

may be related to feelings of guilt and unworthiness if the patient views illness as punishment for wrongdoing or sin.

based on achievement of the expected outcomes and should not be based on whether treatment is successful from the standpoint of the nurse's cultural orientation.