VET1400: Neurological drugs

• -typically used as pre-med or orally for car trips/fireworks
• -can lower BP
• -can lower seizure threshold
• -cats can have reverse effect (manic)
• -penile prolapse in stallions
• -sight hounds highly sensitive

• -also has analgesic effects
• -can be reversed with Antisedan
• (reverse can be partial depending on dose given)
• -usually given with an opiod

• -analgesia variable
• -used extensively in EQUINE
• (not so much in small animals can cause vomiting in cats and aerophagia in dogs)
• -Bovine are very sensitive to it

• -dissociative
• -by itself not very effective but great in combination (usually combined with diazepam)
• -mild analgesia UNLESS used as CRI (great analgesia)
• -injectable only (IV or IM)

• Used for:
• -restraint
• -diagnostic procedures
• -minor surgical procedures

• -barbiturate
• -very lipophillic (fat loving)
• -potent cardiovascular and resp. depression
• -sight hounds very sensitive (bc they lack body fat)

-IV injectable only (tissue necrosis if given perivasularly)

• -C III opiod
• -has long lasting effects (8-12 hrs) but takes about an hour to be effective when given SQ or sub-lingual
• -can also be given IV

• -C IV opiod
• -produces variable analgesia and only lasts 1-2 hours
• -has virtually no analgesic effects when given orally

• -C IV barbiturate, but is not generally used as an anesthetic agent
• -can be given IV to help control status epilepticus
• -long half-life so may require loading dose (takes 5 half lives to reach stead state)

• (Valium)
• -used IV to treat status epilepticus
• -can also be given rectally to dogs

INCREASE SLUDDE

(Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Dyspnea, Defecation, Emesis)

-parasympathetic

-barbituate

• -anticonvulsant (65mg/ml)
• or
• -euth solution (260-390 mg/ml)

-primarily used for those with cardiac disease or are critically ill

-can inhibit adrenocortical function

• -skeletal muscle relaxant
• -used in combination with another anesthetic drug to induce general anesthesia in horses (CRI)

-Short acting (lasts 2-5 minutes)

-NO analgesia

-can cause resp. depression if given too fast

• 1. Halothane (OLD AND NOT USED ANYMORE)
• -prolonged response to rate adjustment

• 2. Isoflurane (most common currently)
• -rapid induction of anesthesia and short recoveries
• -vigilant monitoring is needed because animal can change anesthetic planes quickly
• -can irritate the resp system (coughing next day)

• 3. Sevoflurane (newest)
• -very similar to Iso
• -in large breeds has faster response to rate changes

-Block alpha 2 receptors, used to reverse alpha 2 agonits

YOHIMBINE reverses Xylazine

ATIPAMEZOLE reverses Metetomidine (can do partial reversal)

• Block the binding of opiods to their receptors.
• -used to treat resp and CNS depression from Opiod Overdose!

Examples: Naloxone and Nalrexone