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Grand Theories
- Psychoanalytic - conflict and psychodynamic
- Learning - personality is explained through behavior patterns
- Humanistic - All people are unique
- Cognitive -
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Psychoanalytic Theories
- Freud and collegues
- Started the "norm"
- Internal conflict
- people are basically selfish
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Learning Theories
- Your personality superficial (behavior patterns)
- Based on observation of subhumans
- Also believe in maximization of personal pleasure
- Considered too simplistic
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Humanistic Theories
- Each person is uniqueFirst to study healthy people
- Focus is on human potentialPeople are after growth (self-actualization)
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Cognitive Theories
- Personality is based on how you percieve the world (Constructionistic View)
- Most recent/common theory
- Thoughts/perception
- Truth-seeking
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Definition of Personality (Allport 1937)
- One of the fathers of personality
- Tried to find a consensual definition of personality
- Found 50 distinct definitions
- 7 categories for viewing personality
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7 Types of Definitions of Personality
- Bio - Social
- Bio - Physical
- Omnibus
- Integrative
- Adjustment
- Uniqueness
- "Essence of Person"
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Bio - Social
- View point that your personality is a product of your social group
- Social feedback is built around your physicality
- You are what people see you to be
- Social PsychologistNurture
- Indirect influence - genes caused something physical, which caused behavior
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Bio - Physical
- Personality is a product of your genes
- Psychobiologists
- Nature
- Direct Influence
- the gene iotself is causing behavior
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Omnibus
- Trait Psychologist
- Tries to define personality by summing up the traits
- Behaviors that remain the same over time
- Openess
- C
onscientousness- E
xtroversion- A
greeable- N
euroticism
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Integrative
- Cognitive Psychologist
- The mind categorizes information and attatches meaning to it
- The way one makes sense of the world
- Stmulus --> Organism -->Response
- No two people view the world the same way, so their behaviors will be different
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Adjustment
- Evolutionary PsychologistDefine personality from a Darwinian perspectiveEvolutionary forces that make decisions for you that dictates your behavior
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Uniqueness
- Humantistic PsychologistsYou are like no other human being
- Focuses on the differences between people
- Opposed to the omnibus definition
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"Essense of Person"
- Interactionist Psychologists
- Layers
to a persons personality - Outer layer can be influenced externally
- The second layer is slightly more consistent
- The inner layer contains traits that basically never change
- Looks at individuals, not groups
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Dr. A's Idea of Good Definition of Personality
- Traits - Enduring behavior patterns
- Structure - Internal map of personality
- Tendency - Internal motivation (Why do you act this way?)
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Maddi 1980
- Personality is the stable set of tendencies (motivations) and characteristic (traits) that determine differences and commonalities in the psychological behavior of people...
- … that have continuity and time and may not be understood by biological and
- social pressures of the moment
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